A BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE SCHOOL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES.

The University of Benin Edict No. 3 of 1975 and the University of Benin Transitional Provision decree No. 20 of 1975 under sections 25-29 established the College of Medical sciences. The enabling law provided inter alia:

“The College shall consist of

The School of Medicine
The School of Dentistry, and
Any other Schools, Institutes, Centers, Research and Teaching units as may from time to time be prescribed or established as part thereof”

At the onset, the College had the following schools and an Institute namely,

School of Medicine
School of Dentistry,
School of Pharmacy, and
Institute of Child Health,

In 1992, the collegiate system was introduced throughout the University. The College of Medical Sciences, the only College prior to the new arrangement, retained its original components. However, the collegiate system was abrogated in 1994. When the College of Medical Sciences was resuscitated in September 1999, it reverted to the original mandate under which it was originally established but without the School of Pharmacy.

At the 186^th regular meeting of senate held on Tuesday 23^rd December 2003, Senate approved the proposal for the establishment of a School of Basic Medical Sciences to be based in the College of Medical Sciences.

JUSTIFICATION FOR SCHOOL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES

Arising from the need for the growth of the College of Medical Sciences and in particular the development of manpower in the basic medical sciences, and also to give Medical and Dental students a sound background in the pre-clinical subjects, there has been a strong desire among the academic staff of the College to create a School of Basic Medical Sciences within the College. It was now a universal practice among Colleges of Medicine in the country and beyond, to have Schools of Basic Medical Sciences to give impetus to accelerated growth of the Basic Medical Sciences disciplines. Indeed, it is to be noted that among first generation universities in Nigeria, the University of Benin seemed to be the only institution without a School of Basic Medical Sciences. Such a school will provide an opportunity for future growth of the College through the development of related professional courses and disciplines.

OBJECTIVES OF THE SCHOOL
To organize and offer courses of instruction leading to the award of degrees, diplomas, certificates and other University qualifications in Basic Medical Sciences and such related studies as may be prescribed by the Senate
To develop manpower in Basic Medical Sciences for the future growth and expansion of research and education in health-related disciplines.
To create a conducive and healthy academic and professional environment that would allow for the development and growth of its component parts and that of the College of Medical Sciences.
To provide equal opportunity for all staff in accordance with the tenets of academic freedom.
To promote research efforts of staff and students by arranging and organizing and co-coordinating research activities through conferences, seminars, workshops, etc.

ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE OF THE SCHOOL

The School shall consist of:

Dean of the school
1. Assistant Dean
1. Heads of component Departments and supporting staff
1. Administrative officers of the school.

DEPARTMENTS OF THE SCHOOL

The School of Basic Medical Sciences took off initially in the 2003/2004 academic session with the Departments of Anatomy, Physiology and Medical Biochemistry. This was accelerated by the facilities and staff on ground, as well as the capacity of the university to develop several new programmes simultaneously. Accordingly, two other departments (Medical Laboratory Sciences, and Nursing Science) took off in the 2005/2006 academic session while the departments of Physiotherapy and Radiography and Radiation Science are just starting. The Academic briefs of the Departments are provided below.

ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES:

The school will offer undergraduate courses to develop manpower in the relevant disciplines. In addition, the academic programmes of the school will be tailored towards training of pre-clinical students in preparation for their clinical studies. Thus, the academic and degree programmes to be offered by the school include the following:

Undergraduate Degree programmes:
Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Anatomy
Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Medical Biochemistry,
Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Physiology
Bachelor of Medical Laboratory Sciences, (B.M.L.Sc.)
Bachelor of Nursing Science (B.N.Sc.)
Bachelor of Physiotherapy (B.PT)
Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Radiography and Radiation Science
OtherProgrammes handled by the School:
Part II of the MB BS degree of the School of Medicine
Part IA of the BDS degree of the School of Dentistry
O.D. degree of the Faculty of life Sciences.
B. Pharm./Pharm. D. degree of the Faculty of Pharmacy

COURSE CREDIT AND WORKLOAD FOR UNDER-GRADUATE DEGREE PROGRAMMES:

FULL TIME PROGRAMMES

All courses are run on the university credit system. Credit is defined as a series of lectures/tutorials of one to three hours per week lasting a semester or a three-hour practical class per week or an equivalent amount of study or any combination of these. The minimum number of course credits for each level of the degree programme is specified under the guidelines for each subject.

The following represents levels of degree programme:

100 – 199 1^st year degree programme or 100 level.

200 – 299 2^nd year degree programme or 200 level.

300 – 399 3^rd year degree programme or 300 level.

400 – 499 4^th year degree programme or 400 level.

500 – 599 5^th year degree programme or 500 level.

The character codes for courses in the School are:

ANT – Anatomy

MBC – Medical Biochemistry

MLS – Medical Laboratory Sciences

NSC – Nursing Science

PHS – Physiology

PST – Physiotherapy

RRS – Radiography and Radiation Science

The minimum number of credits required to remain in the school and to move to the next level is 22 credits (including GST courses), whilst the minimum number of credits required to remain in the school on probation is 11 credits. The total number of credits required to graduate shall be 130, including GST credits (for a 4 year course), and 100 for a direct entry 3-year course. The total number of credits required to graduate shall be 180, including GST credits (for a 5 year course), and 150 for a direct entry 4 year course.

DURATION OF FULL TIME DEGREE PROGRAMME

The minimum number of academic sessions required for the award of the B.Sc. (Hons.) degree shall be 4 (through UTME) or 3 (Direct entry) academic sessions.

WORK LOAD

A student shall normally in any one academic session be allowed to register for and take a minimum of 30 credits and a maximum of 50 credits. This means that a student cannot be credited with more than 50 credits at the end of one academic session.

SCHOOL EXAMINATION REGULATIONS

The general University Regulations on examinations shall apply to all degree programmes in the school. There shall be an examination at the end of the Semester in every course. Credit for that course will be earned on passing the examination. Furthermore, the University Medical Officer shall excuse no student from taking the whole or part of any examinations except on the strength of a medical certificate to the effect that he/she cannot take or continue the examination. Failure to write an examination without an acceptable reason means a failure in that examination. Any such case must be communicated within two weeks from the date of the examination through Head of the Department who will then make recommendations to the School’s Board of Studies. The examinations in the School shall take the form of written papers, viva voce, practical, clinical, and a submission of projects, assessment of course work or by a combination of the above.

Matters Relating to the Conduct of Examinations

These recommendations relate to the activities performed during the actual conduct of examinations.

REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE CONDUCT OF UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS:

DISCIPLINE DURING EXAMINATIONS:

a Instruction to the Invigilators.

“Invigilator”, refers to any senior staff member officiating during an examination and must not be one of the candidates to be examined. Course Teachers are invigilators of their courses and shall remain in the examination hall throughout the examination and collect the scripts.
There shall be a Chief Invigilator appointed by the Head of Department or the Dean, preferably of the rank of Senior Lecturer and above. The role of the Chief Invigilator is to supervise and ensure that the conduct of the examinations follows the laid down regulations. He/she shall make a report after the examination using the approved format. The Course Teacher shall not be the Chief Invigilator of the examination on his/her Course.
It shall be the first duty of the Invigilators to exercise constant and vigilant supervision over the candidates. The Chief Invigilator shall use his discretion when handling cases of misconduct and ill-health. They shall send a report on each to the Head of Department and the Dean of the Faculty immediately after the examinations and definitely not more than 24 hours.
An Invigilator shall report to the Examination Hall 30 minutes before the examination is due to start. There shall be a minimum of one (1) Invigilator per 50 Candidates.
The Chief Invigilator or his assistant shall sign each Examination Answer Booklet before the commencement of each examination. This is to prevent illegal issuance of booklets for illicit examinations.
Before the examination begins, the Chief Invigilator shall announce to the students that all foreign and forbidden materials should be removed from their persons and from the Hall.
While the examination is in progress, no person other than the Invigilators, the attendant, Dean of the Faculty/School or his representative, Head of Department, the Registrar’s representative (Exams & Records) and the Medical Personnel shall be allowed to enter the Hall.
The time allowed for an examination paper as indicated in the timetable, must be strictly obeyed.
Each of the sealed packets of the Examination Paper must be opened in the presence of the Candidates.
Immediately after the paper must have been distributed to all Candidates, the Chief Invigilator shall ask the Candidates to see that they have the papers for which they have been entered. Then and only shall the Chief Invigilator give a signal for the examination to start.
Candidates shall be admitted into an examination up to the first half hour after the start of the examination on the permission of the Chief Invigilator. Cases of admittance after the first half hour of the examination shall be reported to the Chief Examiner and the Faculty/School Examination Officer who shall inform the Board of Examiners which shall decide on the cases.
It is essential that Candidates enter and leave the Hall through one entrance to enable the Invigilators satisfy themselves that nothing which is unauthorized is brought in or taken out.
No Candidates may leave the Examination Hall without the express permission of the Chief Invigilator. Candidates wishing to go to the Toilet or to the First-Aid Room must be accompanied by an Invigilator/Attendant.
No Candidates may quit the Examination Hall until 30 minutes has elapsed. A Candidate who wants to leave before the end of the examination must drop his/her Question paper and Scripts before leaving the Hall. No question paper shall be removed from the Hall before the first hour of the examination has elapsed.
Reasonable silence shall be maintained throughout an examination by both the Invigilators, other Officials and the Candidates.
Invigilators shall tell Candidates the time at appropriate intervals during the period of an examination.
At the close of each examination, Candidates shall be asked to hand over their Scripts to the Invigilators while Standing. The Chief Invigilator with the assistance of Invigilators shall count these over and four copies of the Question Paper to the packet of Scripts. The packets shall then be handed over to the Course Teacher who shall verify and sign the receipt.
The attendant shall be responsible for the circulation of the Attendance Register which shall be collected by the Chief Invigilator at the end of each examination; one copy is to be returned to the Internal Examiner and one copy shall be collected by the Chief Invigilator at the end of each examination; one copy is to be returned to the Internal Examiner and one copy to the Exams and Records Division.
No Candidate shall be allowed to depart from the Examination Hall without handing in his/her Scripts. The Chief Invigilator shall assign Invigilators the responsibility for collecting the Scripts from the Candidates who shall remain standing.
Any Candidate found to be or is suspected of infringing the provisions of the regulations or in any way cheating shall immediately be given three (3) copies of Examination Misconduct Forms for completion. The original copy with relevant exhibits shall be handed over to the Dean through the Head of department for further action while the duplicate and triplicate copies shall be retained by the Candidate and Examinations and Records Office, respectively. The Chief Invigilator shall submit the report immediately on the prescribed Examination Misconduct Form to the Faculty/School Examination Officer and the Dean. The Candidate concerned shall be allowed to continue with the examination provided that he causes no disturbance. The Dean shall cause the circumstances to be investigated and report to the Vice Chancellor through the Provost for a final determination of the case.
The Panel to investigate the alleged misconduct shall be ad hoc, to give the Dean a free hand in selecting members who will be immediately available for the assignment in view of the urgency. The report of the investigating Panel must reach the Vice Chancellor not later than two (2) weeks after the conclusion of the Semester Examination. The Vice Chancellor shall in turn inform the Faculty/School and college of his/her decision on the misconduct within two (2) weeks.
All students involved in irregular assistance or cheating during examination shall write statements on the spot before being allowed to continue with the examination. Refusal of a student to write a statement on the spot shall be regarded as examination misconduct.

Duties of Attendants:

Attendants shall be responsible for:

Distribution of Examination Answer Booklets, Strings, and other materials specified.
During the examination, attendants shall be present to supply supplementary Answer Booklets, Strings, Graph Sheets, etc. to candidates.
Accompany Candidates to Toilet or to the First-Aid Room;
Going for a member of the University Health Services when instructed by the Invigilator;
Any other duty assigned by the Registrar (or his/her representative) or Chief Invigilator.

Instructions to Students

Only duly Matriculated/Registered Students are eligible to take examinations.
Candidates must attend punctually at the times assigned for their papers and they must be in the Examination Hall at least 30 minutes before the time that the examination is due to start. Candidates shall not be allowed to enter the Examination Hall until invited by the Invigilator
A candidate is required to deposit any Handbag, Briefcase, or any other prohibited material at the Chief Invigilator‘s Desk (or a desk provided for that purpose) before the start of an examination.
Candidate shall bring with them to the Examination Hall, their own Ink, Pens and Pencils and any other which are permitted by these regulations. Absolutely no book, printed or written document or other communication gadgets or unauthorized aid shall be taken into an Examination room by any candidate.
A Candidate shall bring his identity card to each examination and display it in a prominent position on his desk.
A Candidate shall write his/her Examination Number, not his/her name, distinctly at the top of the cover of every Answer Book and every separate sheet of Paper.
Each Candidate shall complete the Attendance Register in triplicate.
During the examination, a Candidate may leave the Examination hall temporarily, with the permission of the Invigilator only if accompanied by an Attendant. A Candidate who leaves the Examination Hall shall not be re-admitted unless throughout the period of absence he has been continually under supervision of an Invigilator or an Examination Attendant.
A Candidate shall not leave the Examination Hall until the first 30 minutes has elapsed and must be with the special permission of the Chief Invigilator. Such Candidate must drop his/her Question Paper and Answer Booklet before leaving.
A Candidate must not give assistance to any other Candidate or permit any other Candidate to copy from or use his papers. Similarly, a Candidate must not directly or indirectly accept assistance from any other Candidate or use any other Candidate’s papers.

EXAMINATION MISCONDUCT

The following sanctions shall apply to cases of examination misconduct as stipulated below.

S/N	MISCONDUCT	SANCTION
	Proven cases of fore-knowledge of Examination Questions (Leakage)	Expulsion of all involved.
	Coming into Examination Hall with extraneous materials	Rustication for a minimum period of 4 Semesters or Expulsion if fore-knowledge of Questions is proven.
	Writing on any materials in the Examination Hall, other than the Answer Booklet	Letter of warning
	Non production of Identity card or authorized letter of identification before and during examination.	To leave the Examination Hall immediately
	Any form of unauthorized communication between and among students during examination	To lose 10 minutes of examination time; if it persists, relocate the student; further persistence cancel the paper.
	Impersonation at Examination	Expulsion of all involved.
	Refusal to fill Examination Misconduct Form	Rustication for (2) Semesters plus penalty for the original offence.
	Attempt to destroy or actually destroying materials of proof of cheating	Rustication for (2) Semesters plus penalty for the original offence.
	Refusal to obey invigilator’s instructions such as: Writing after the Examination Has been Stopped.Noncompliance with the invigilator’s sitting arrangement	Letter of Warning To leave the hall and carry-over the course
	Refusal to submit Answer scripts (used and unused) at the close of examination	Rustication for a minimum period of (2) Semesters.
	Smuggling of Question papers and Answer Booklets out of the Hall for help and returning with Answer Scripts	Expulsion
	Failure to write matriculation numbers on Answer Booklet or to sign Attendance Sheet	Letter of Warning
	Writing of candidate’s names on Answer Booklets	Letter of Warning
	Leaving Examination Hall without permission	To carry-over the course and Letter of Warning
	Failure to draw a line through each blank space at the end of each answer	Letter of Warning
	Unruly behavior in the Examination Hall such as smoking, drinking of liquor, noise etc	Verbal warning by Invigilator. If unruly behavior persists, to leave the Hall and carry over the course
	Proven cases of physical assault on Invigilator/Attendant	Expulsion
	Failure to appear before Misconduct Panel	Guilty as charged. Indefinite suspension pending appearance before the Panel.
	Any students with three (3) letters of warnings	Rustication for a minimum period of one (1) Session.
	Any other cases of Examination malpractice not specified	Punishment as appropriate.

RE-SIT EXAMINATIONS

There is no longer re-sit Examinations in the University of Benin.

INTERNAL EXAMINERS
The Head of Department shall be the Chief Examiner for his Department. He shall appoint an Examination Officer who shall be responsible to the Head of the Department and take charge of the conduct of Examinations and collation of results within that Department.
Examination results in each Department shall be considered first by the Departmental Board of Examiners made up of the academic staff before they are presented by the Head of Department to the school Board of Studies/Examiners. The major role of the Departmental Board of Examiners is to prepare and sign examination papers, to determine the pass and failure and the classification of degree, and to inform the school’s Board of any observations as may be requested by the External Examiner.
The School Board of Examiners shall consist of all academic staff of the school and shall meet at the end of each semester to consider and approve the results of all examinations held in the School in that semester for the subsequent presentation to and approval by the Senate.

EXTERNAL EXAMINERS

External Examiners appointed by the Senate on the recommendation of the School Board of Studies are to participate in the vetting of examination question papers and moderation of answer scripts for all examinations at the 400/500 level courses. He/she is also to participate in the determination of overall results at the Departmental level.

NUC APPROVED SCORING AND GRADING SYSTEM

The School shall adhere strictly to the NUC approved scoring as shown below:

PERCENTAGE SCORES	LETTER GRADE	GRADE POINT
70 – 100	A	5
60 – 69	B	4
50 – 59	C	3
45 – 49	D	2
0 – 44	E	0

CLASSIFICATION OF DEGREE

A Grade Point Average (GPA) shall be calculated for each level of the course. The student’s final grade from the sum of the weighted Grade Point Averages for each level of the courses is as follows:

3 year Degree Programme 4 year Degree Programme

100 series – Nil 100 series – 10%

200 series – 20% 200 series – 20%

300 series – 25% 300 series – 30%

400 series – 55% 400 series – 40%

NB:

A. *Core courses are courses, which all students must take and pass before they can graduate.

B. +Mandatory courses are courses, which students must take but do not have to pass before they can graduate.

C. eElective courses are courses which students do not have to take or pass before they can graduate.

Degree Classification

The class of degree is determined by the final Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) as follows:

Class of Degree CGPA

First Class Honours 4.50 – 5.00

Second Class Honours (Upper Division) 3.50 – 4.49

Second Class Honours (Lower Division) 2.40 – 3.49

Third Class Honours 1.50 – 2.39

Unclassified Degree Categories

The unclassified degree is determined by the final Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) as follows:

Category of Degree CGPA

Pass 2.40 – 5.00

EVALUATION
Modes of Student Assessment

All courses taken must be evaluated and final grade given at the end of the semester. To arrive at the final grade, the evaluation must be a continuous process consisting of all the following:

Continuous Assessment
Examinations
Continuous Assessment

Continuous Assessment (CA) during the semester shall form part of the end-of-course grade. Its overall contribution shall not exceed 30% of each course examination.

Examinations

Examinations at the end of the semester shall form part of the end-of-course grade. Its overall contribution shall not exceed 70% of each course examination.

END-OF-YEAR OVERALL ASSESSMENT FOR 100, 200 AND 300 LEVEL STUDENTS

The pass mark in the school is 45%. A student shall be deemed to have passed his examination if he passes in all the compulsory and required courses he registered for during the academic session.

CARRY OVER

A candidate who fails any course(s) during any academic session may repeat or carry over such course(s) while at the next higher course level, provided that the candidate meets the requirement to remain in the school at the end of the academic session.

PROBATION
Probation is a status granted to a student whose academic performance falls below an acceptable standard. A student whose Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) is below 1.50 at the end of a particular year of study, earns a period of probation for one academic session. For unclassified degree, a student with CGPA less than 2.40 in a semester earns probation.
Candidates who did not earn the minimum number of credits needed to qualify them to move to the next higher level but earn not less than 50% of the minimum number of credits needed to remain in the school may wish to remain in the school on probation.
To remain in the School at both 1^st and 2^nd Semesters, a candidate must accumulate a minimum of 18 credits in anyone academic session. However, a candidate who accumulates less than 50% of the credits needed to remain in the school will be advised to withdraw.

WITHDRAWAL FROM THE SCHOOL
- A candidiate whose Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) is below 1.50 at the end of a particular period of probation should be required to withdraw from the University. For unclassified degree, a student with Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) below 2.40 for four consecutive semesters of probation should be required to withdraw from the programme. Where possible, consideration may be given to a student withdrawn from a programme of study for transfer to any other programme within the same university.

Subject to the conditions for withdrawal and probation, a student may be allowed to repeat the failed course unit(s) at the next available opportunity, provided that the total number of credit units carried during that semester does not exceed 24, and the Grade Points earned at all attempts shall count towards the CGPA.

Students who accumulate 11-21 credits in the session are either to seek Inter-Faculty transfer or remain in the school on probation.
- Students who fail to accumulate up to 11 credits at the end of the Second Semester examinations will be asked to withdraw from the school.
- Any Student who has previously transferred from another faculty or gone on probation and still fails to obtain 22 credits after the sessional examination shall withdraw from the school and university.
- Without prejudice to (a-d) any student who fails to register for the session or does not produce satisfactory reasons for missing his or her examinations shall be deemed to have voluntarily withdrawn.
- The Senate (if satisfactory reasons are given) may grant a student temporary withdrawal from the School. He could be allowed to register and take the examination in the required courses at the next available opportunity, provided he does not exceed the maximum number of years required for the degree.

FINAL DEGREE EXAMINATION

To qualify for the award of a degree in the School of Basic Medical Sciences, a candidate must satisfy the following conditions:

The candidate must pass all the courses and prescribed specialized courses in the school and obtain the prescribed minimum total credit requirements.
The candidate must complete and pass the final year project.

FAIL CANDIDATES IN FINAL YEAR

Any 400/500 Level student who at the end of the final year Examinations accumulates less than the prescribed total minimum credits or does not pass in all the required courses, but who has accumulated the required number of credits to remain in the school will be required to register or/take the courses in the following session and to sit for the appropriate examinations.

ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS FOR UNDERGRADUATE COURSES IN THE SCHOOL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES.

GENERAL ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS

UTME:

Admissions into the undergraduate programmes of the school will be based on JAMB criteria. These include five credits in WASC (SSCE), GCE or NECO in English Language, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and Biology in not more than two sittings.

DIRECT ENTRY:

It is also possible to admit students into the 2^nd year of the study through the direct entry process.

1. The candidate is expected to have satisfied the minimum requirements at the GCE (Advanced Level) studies in the relevant subjects. Also, candidates are expected to satisfy the minimum requirements set out by the University of Benin.

2. Transfer from other Faculties of the University.

3. A B.Sc. degree in the relevant Science discipline.

SPECIFIC DEPARTMENTAL REQUIREMENTS

1. ANATOMY

UTME:

Candidates having the SSCE (or the equivalent) with credit in five subjects of English Language, Mathematics, Biology, Physics and Chemistry will be qualified for admission, plus an appropriate score in JAMB.

DIRECT ENTRY:

Candidates who hold three GCE (A/L) in Biology/Zoology, Chemistry and Physics plus the O’Level credit in five other subject including English Language, Mathematics, Biology, Physics and Chemistry.

2. PHYSIOLOGY

UTME:

DIRECT ENTRY:

Candidates who hold three GCE (A/L) in Biology/Zoology, Chemistry and Physics plus the O’ Level credit in five other subjects including English Language, Mathematics, Biology, Physics and Chemistry.

3. MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

UTME:

Candidate having the SSCE (or the equivalent) with credit in five subjects of English Language, Mathematics, Biology, Physics and Chemistry will be qualified for admission, plus an appropriate score in JAMB.

DIRECT ENTRY:

Candidates who hold three GCE (A/L) in Biology/Zoology, Chemistry and Physics plus the O’ Level credit in five other subject including English Language, Mathematics, Biology, Physics and Chemistry.

4. NURSING

UTME:

DIRECT ENTRY:

Candidates who hold three GCE (A/L) in Biology/Zoology, Chemistry and Physics plus the O’ Level credit in five other subject including English Language, Mathematics, Biology, Physics and Chemistry.

5. MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCES

UTME:

DIRECT ENTRY:

Candidates who hold three GCE (A/L) in Biology/Zoology Chemistry and Physics plus the O’ Level credit in five other subjects including English Language, Mathematics, Biology, Physics and Chemistry.

6. PHYSIOTHERAPY

UTME:

DIRECT ENTRY:

Candidates who hold three GCE (A/L) in Biology/Zoology, Chemistry and Physics plus the O’ Level credit in five other subject including English Language, Mathematics, Biology, Physics and Chemistry.

7. RADIOGRAPHY AND RADIATION SCIENCE

UTME:

DIRECT ENTRY:

Candidates who hold three GCE (A/L) in Biology/Zoology, Chemistry and Physics plus the O’ Level credit in five other subject including English Language, Mathematics, Biology, Physics and Chemistry.

DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY

B.Sc DEGREE PROGRAMME

ACADEMIC STAFF OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY

S/NO	NAME	QUALIFICATIONS	RANK
1	Mr. S. O. Innih	B.Sc.; M.Sc.	Associate Professor/Ag. HOD
	Dr. D. E. Odiase	MB.BS, M.Sc	Lecturer I
	Prof. J. E. Ataman	MB.BS, M.Sc.(Dem), M.Sc. (Anat), Ph.D	Professor
	Dr. G. I. Eze	MB.BS, M.Sc. Ph.D., FWACP	Associate Professor
	Dr. C. L. Sakpa	MB.BS; M.Sc., Ph.D, FWACS	Associate Professor
	Mr. V. C. Ezeuko	B.Sc.; M.Sc.	Senior Lecturer
	Dr. A. R. O. Ehimigbai	MB.BS, M.Sc	Senior Lecturer
	Mr. A. B. Enogieru	B.Sc.; M.Sc.	Senior Lecturer
	Mr. S. I. Omoruyi	B.Sc.; M.Sc.	Senior Lecturer
	Mr. O. I. Momodu	B.Sc.; M.Sc.	Senior Lecturer
	Mrs. T. J. Oyedeji	B.Sc.; M.Sc.	Senior Lecturer
	Dr. E. E. Ighalo	MB.BS, M.Sc	Senior Lecturer
	Dr. Mrs. V.E. Oigbochie	MB.BS, M.Sc	Senior Lecturer
	Dr. E. Obayuwana	B.Sc, MB.BS, M.Sc	Lecturer I
	Dr. U. O. Idemudia	MB.BS, M.Sc	Lecturer I
	Dr. Mrs. E. T. Lawal	MB.BS, M.Sc	Lecturer I
	Dr. E. O. Imafidon	MB.BS	Lecturer I
	Dr. Mrs. M. B. Ehi-Omosun	MB.BS	Lecturer I
	Miss. R. A. Orheruata	B.Sc.	Graduate Assistant
	Miss A. Ejeguo	B.Sc.	Graduate Assistant

LIST OF TECHNICAL STAFF

1	Mrs. S. I. Osama	B.Sc. (Microbiology)	Laboratory Technologist II
2	Mr. O. O. Akeredolu	B.Sc. (Anatomy)	Laboratory Technologist II
3	Mr. O. W. Aiyevbomwan	B.Sc. (Anatomy)	Prosector II
4	Mr. S. O. Edigin	G.C.E. O/L	Senior Laboratory Supervisor
5	Mr. M. Ehiorobo	G.C.E. O/L	Senior Laboratory Supervisor
6	Mr. O. Edigin	G.C.E. O/L	Laboratory Supervisor
7	Mr. F. Ehigiamusoe	G.C.E. O/L	Laboratory Supervisor
8	Mr. L. Okoro	G.C.E. O/L	Laboratory Assistant
9	Mr. O. Ikpehia	G.C.E. O/L	Laboratory Assistant
10	Mr. C. Oshiole	G.C.E. O/L	Laboratory Assistant

LIST OF NON-ACADEMIC STAFF

S/NO	NAME	QUALIFICATIONS	RANK
1	Mr. V. O. Igbafe	B.A	Administrative Assistant
2	Mrs. H. Aghama	B.Sc.	Senior Executive Officer
3	P. A. Ehizojie (Esq.)	LL.B, B.L,LLM	Senior Executive Officer
4	Miss. J. O. Eghomwan	GCE O/L	Clerical Officer

PHILOSOPHY AND OBJECTIVES:

The Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) programme in Human Anatomy is designed to provide adequate and intensive training in human and cell biology of related disciplines in health sciences such as Physiology, Biochemistry, Radiology, Medical Laboratory Sciences, Nursing Science, Physiotherapy, and Social science. Teaching will be clinically oriented to ensure that products of the programme would be able to render the most required assistance as Anatomy teachers in medical institutions, research and hospital laboratories. Graduates of the programme will be well equipped with sufficient theoretical and practical knowledge and thus eligible for higher degree studies in any aspect of Anatomy and its related discipline.

PHILOSOPHY, OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE

The objective of the anatomy course is to provide the undergraduate student with a programme of course works and techniques that will enable him to become scholarly contributors to the field of Anatomy. It is anticipated that many of the graduate would advance further to become teachers of Anatomy. However, some may choose to go into positions in government laboratories and in physical and health education sectors as well as in sports.

The human Anatomy course is designed to provide the undergraduate student with basic knowledge of several sub-disciplines of anatomy, including gross anatomy, developmental anatomy (embryology), cell biology, histology and neuroanatomy. Core courses in other areas of biomedical science ensure a broad area in which to build a research career.

GENERAL INFORMATION

The science of Anatomy is the study of the form and structure of the living body and the organs, which form it. It also entails the regulations of these structures in relation to their functions and external environment. The science of human anatomy forms the foundation of the science of medicine and other human biological studies. It is a field of study, which is still dependent on technique, and a corpus of observations but it is capable of correlation with other fields of study in the science of medicine and human biology.

DEGREE PROGRAMME AND REQUIREMENTS

The degree programme will last three years for direct entry students and four years for students admitted through UTME. To be eligible for admission to a degree of B.Sc. in Anatomy, a candidate should have

Satisfied the normal University requirements.
Satisfied the approved school of basic medical science requirements in respect of work load, registration for courses and programme duration.

Satisfied the departmental requirements as contained below.

FIRST YEAR (100L) COURSES FOR THE DEPARTMENTS OF ANATOMY, MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY, MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE, NURSING SCIENCE, PHYSIOLOGY, PHYSIOTHERAPY AND RADIOGRAPHY AND RADIATION SCIENCE IN THE SCHOOL.

FIRST SEMESTER

COURSE CODE	COURSE TITLE	COURSE CREDIT
AEB111	Introductory Zoology	4
BMS111	Elementary Mathematics	2
CHM111	General Chemistry I	3
CHM113	Organic Chemistry I	3
GST111	Use of English I	2
GST112	Philosophy & Logic	2
PBB111	Introduction to Plant Biology I	3
PHY111	Mechanics, Thermal Physics & Properties of Matter	3
PHY113	Vibrations, Waves & Optics	3
TOTAL:		25

SECOND SEMESTER

COURSE CODE	COURSE TITLE	COURSE CREDIT
AEB122	Functional Zoology	4
CHM122	General Chemistry II	3
CHM124	Organic Chemistry II	3
GST121	Peace Studies and Conflicts Resolution	2
GST122	Nigerian People & Culture	2
GST123	History & Philosophy of Science and Technology	2
PBB122	Introduction to Plant Biology II	3
PHY109	Practical Physics	2
PHY124	Electromagnetism and Modern Physics	4
TOTAL:		25

All Courses Are Core At This Level.

Total course credit for the Session: 50

DESCRIPTION OF FIRST YEAR COURSES FOR FIRST DEGREE PROGRAMMES

AEB111: INTRODUCTORY ZOOLOGY (4 Credits)

Man population growth and impact on the biosphere. Faunal biodiversity.

Invertebrate – protozoa, coelenterate, platyhelminthes, annelida, mollusca, arthropoda.

Vertebrata – Cephalochordata, pisces, amphibian, reptilia, aves, mammalia. Mammalian anatomy: anatomy of rattus rattus.

BMS111: ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS 1 (2 Credits)

Polynomials and their factorization, rational function. Trigonometry definitions and elementary properties of trigonometric function, radian measure, periodicity of identities. Formulas for sum, product and quotient. The chain rule. Differentiation of definite and indefinite algebraic, trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions maxims and minima, tangential and normal. Fundamental theory of calculus, simple application to areas and volumes, Methods of integration.

CHM111: GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1 (3 Credits)

Relationship of chemistry to other sciences, Atoms, sub-atomic particles, isotopes, molecules, Avogadro’s number, Mole concept. Dalton’s theory. Modern concepts of atomic theory. Laws of chemical combination. Relative atomic masses.

Introduction to nuclear reactions, Nuclear binding energy, fusion and fission reactions.

States of Matter: Gases, gas laws, general gas equation, liquids and solids.

Introduction to lattice structure. Isomorphism, giant molecules.

Introduction to the periodic table, hydrogen and hydrides, chemistry of groups: 0. I,II elements. Acid-Base properties of oxides.

CHM113: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I (3 Credits)

General principles of organic chemistry: Definition, classification, homologous series, functional groups; General procedure for isolation and Purification of organic compounds, Structure of organic compounds, Elemental analysis, percentage composition, empirical and molecular formula, structural formula.

Isomerism: structural and stereoisomerism; Electronic theory in organic chemistry.

Non-polar functional groups: Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Benzene.

Nomenclature: Common names, IUPAC names; Introduction too petrochemistry, Coal tar chemistry.

GST111: USE OF ENGLISH 1 (2 Credits)

Modes and methods of effective communication in English. Use of literary works to improve communication skills. Development of reading and writing skills. Note taking and summarizing from oral English and written instructions on lexis. Collection for written assignments.

GST112: PHILOSOPHY AND LOGIC (2 Credits)

Introduction to the main branches of philosophy, symbolic logic. Special symbol in symbolic logic. Conjugation, negation, affirmation, disjunction, equivalence and conditional statements. Law of thought. Method of deduction using rules of inference and biconditional qualification theory.

PBB111: INTRODUCTION TO PLANT BIOLOGY I (3 Credits)

Morphology and life circle of plant and animals. A general study of plant and animal groups from virus, algae/fungi to chordates. Structural and functional study of plants and animal cells, tissues, organs and systems. Taxonomic, physiological and developmental studies of plant and animals. Reproduction, genetic, hereditary substances, mechanism of nuclear division and stem cell formation. Evolution and natural selection. Biology practicals and demonstrations.

PHY111: MECHANICS, THERMAL PHYSICS AND PROPERTIES OF MATTER

(3 Credits)

Scalars and vectors: Addition and Resolution of Vectors. Rectilinear Motion and Newton’s laws of Motion. Inertial mass and gravitational Mass; Free fall; projectile motion, deflecting forces and circular motion. Newton’s law of Gravitation; Satellites, escape velocity. Gravitational Potential well; special case of circular motion. Laws of thermodynamics and thermal energy, temperature, calorimetry, change of state, critical points. Heat transfer, conduction, convection and radiation. Blackbody radiation. Gas laws. Kinetic theory of gases. Model for matter; surface energy and surface tension, plastic deformation; thermal and electrical properties of metals.

PHY113: VIBRATIONS, WAVES AND OPTICS (3 Credits)

Periodic motion of an oscillator; velocity and acceleration of a sinusoidal oscillation, equation of motion of a simple harmonic oscillator: damped oscillations, forced oscillations, resonance, and propagation of longitudinal and transverse vibrations.

Wave behaviour; Reflection of waves, stationary waves, propagation of straight and circular pulses, Fibre optics. Diffraction, Refraction, Dispersion, Interference, Coherence, Polarisation.

Wave and Light: Mirrors, Lenses, formation of images, lenses in contact microscope, telescope, chromatic and spherical aberrations and their reduction. Dispersion by prisms; relation between colour and wavelength, spectra.

SECOND SEMESTER

AEB122: FUNCTIONAL ZOOLOGY (4 Credits)

Embryology–gametogenesis, fertilization and cleavage as demonstrated by Amphioxus, Genetics: the cell and distribution of genetic material, mitosis, meiosis, meiosis inheritance, sex determination and sex linked inheritance. Histology. Cells, tissues, organ formation and main features. Physiology: functioning of mammalian skin, muscles/skeleton, alimentary system/nutritional requirements and deficiencies.

CHM122: GENERAL CHEMISTRY II (3 Credits)

Acids, Bases and salts. Quantitative and qualitative analysis. Theory of volumetric analysis-operations and methods. Calculations: mole, molarity, molality. Behavior of electrolytes. Water. Colligative properties. Ostwald’s dilution law. Arthenius, Bronsted-Lowry, lewis concepts and applications. Buffers – introduction to reaction rates. Equilibria and equilibrium constants. Solubility products. Common effects. Precipitation reactions, Chemistry of Redox reactions.

CHM124: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (3 Credits)

Polar function group chemistry. Hydroxyl group carbonyl group, carboxylic group Carboxylic acid derivatives and amino acids. Miscellanceous topics – fats and oils, amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates and natural products.

GST121: PEACE STUDIES AND CONFLICTS RESOLUTION (2 Credits)

GST122: NIGERIAN PEOPLE AND CULTURE (2 Credits)

History, norms and cultural characteristics of African and the Nigerian society in particular, role of culture in the behaviors of Nigerian. The African society, development, migration, large and small rural movements and its effect on man and disease, the Nigerian rural and urban societies and diseases. Changing patterns of diseases in rural and urban societies. Changing moral values. Cultural nationalism and political evolution of African states. concepts of religion in humanistic functions. Role and concepts of functional education in national development.

GST123: HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

(2 Credits)

PBB122: INTRODUCTION TO PLANT BIOLOGY II (3 Credits)

The general morphology, anatomy, histology and physiology of flowering plants, seed structure, dispersal and germination: development of primary and secondary plant body; water relations; photosynthesis, translocation, and storage organs, respiration.

PHY109: PRACTICAL PHYSICS (2 Credits)

Students are expected to carry out a minimum of 12 major experiments covering the main aspects of the courses taken in the year.

PHY124: ELECTROMAGNETISM AND MODERN PHYSICS (4 Credits)

Electromagnetism – electric field: strength, flux and the inverse square law; electrostatic force between two charged particles; flux model for the electric field. Energy stored in an electric field, electrical potential due to dipole.

Steady direct current: Simple circuits, potential difference, resistance, power, electromotive force, Kirchoff’s laws, Potential divider, slide wire potentiometer, bridge circuits, combining resistances.

Capacitors; Capacitance, combination of dielectrics, energy store charging/discharging.

Electromagnetic effects: Electromagnetic forces, electric motors, moving coil galvanometer, ammeter, voltmeter, electromagnetic induction, dynamo.

Alternating currents: Simple AC circuit, transformers, motors and alternating currents.

Magnetic field: The field at the center of a current carrying flat coil, of a current carrying solenoid, outside a long solenoid; flux model and magnetic fields.

SECOND YEAR (200L) COURSES FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY

FIRST SEMESTER

COURSE CODE	COURSE TITLE	COURSE CREDIT
ANT210	General Anatomy and Gross Anatomy of the Upper Limbs	2
ANT211	Gross Anatomy of Thorax	2
ANT212	Basic Histology & Cytology	2
ANT213	General Embryology	2
MBC210	Introductory Biochemistry	2
MBC211	Introductory Analytical Techniques	2
PHS211	Introductory and General Physiology	2
PHS212	Blood and Body fluid Physiology	2
PHS213	Cardiovascular System	2
PHS214	Respiratory Physiology	2
TOTAL		20

SECOND SEMESTER

COURSE CODE	COURSE TITLE	COURSE CREDIT
ANT220	Gross Anatomy of the Abdomen, Pelvis and Perineum.	2
ANT221	Gross Anatomy of the Lower Limbs	2
ANT222	Systemic Histology 1	3
ANT223	Systemic Embryology 1	3
MBC220	Carbohydrate & Lipid Metabolism	3
MBC223	Amino acid & Protein Metabolism	3
MBC225	Protein Chemistry & Enzymology	3
PHS221	Renal Physiology	2
PHS222	Gastrointestinal Physiology	2
PHS223	Endocrinology & Reproduction	3
PHS224	Temperature Regulation	1
TOTAL		27

TOTAL CREDIT FOR THE YEAR………………………47

Notes:

The Gross Anatomy lectures are associated with the dissection of the relevant regions.
ALL COURSES ARE CORE

THIRD YEAR (300L) COURSES FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY

FIRST SEMESTER

COURSE CODE	COURSE TITLE	COURSE CREDIT
ANT311	Gross Anatomy of Head & Neck	3
ANT312	Systemic Histology II	3
ANT313	Systemic Embryology II	3
ANT314	Neuroanatomy I	2
PHS312	Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System Physiology	2
PHS313	Autonomic and Neurophysiology	3
CED300	Introduction to Theory and Practice of Entrepreneurship	2
BOT315	Biostatistics	2
TOTAL		20

SECOND SEMESTER

COURSE CODE	COURSE TITLE	COURSE CREDIT
ANT320	Instrumentation	2
ANT321	Functional Anatomy of Limbs	2
ANT322	Relevant Laboratory Techniques	3
ANT323	History of Anatomy & Medical Genetics	3
ANT324	Gross Anatomy of Cranial Nerves and Autonomic Nervous System	2
ANT325	Neuroanatomy II	2
PCO320	Introductory Pharmacology	2
MMB321	Introductory Microbiology	1
MBC320	Clinical Biochemistry	3
TOTAL		20

TOTAL CREDIT FOR THE YEAR……………………40

FOURTH YEAR (400L) COURSES FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY

FIRST SEMESTER

COURSE CODE	COURSE TITLE	COURSE CREDIT
ANT411	Gross Anatomy (Prosection) I	6
ANT412	Cell Biology I	3
ANT413	Histochemistry & Cytochemistry	3
ANT414	Functional Anatomy of Thorax & Abdomen	3
TOTAL		15

SECOND SENESTER

COURSE CODE	COURSE TITLE	COURSE CREDIT
ANT421	Gross Anatomy (Prosection) II	4
ANT422	Systemic Embryology III – Review	3
ANT423	Cell Biology II	3
ANT424	Systemic Histology III	3
ANT425	Research Project & Viva	6
ANT426	Seminar Presentation	2
	TOTAL	21

TOTAL CREDIT FOR THE YEAR………………………36

A SUMMARY OF THE LOAD FOR THE PROGRAMME

LEVEL	100	200	300	400	TOTAL
CREDITS	50	47	40	36	173

COURSE DESCRIPTION

SECOND YEAR COURSES

ANT210: GENERAL ANATOMY AND GROSS ANATOMY OF THE UPPER LIMBS (2 Credits)

The general descriptive terms as used in the study of the human body would be introduced. The techniques used to study the human body would also be introduced. The normal anatomical position and directional movement of body parts would be introduced.

The gross anatomy of the upper limbs: pectoral region, Axilla, Brachial plexus, scapular region, brachium, carpal tunnel, Hand, Nerve injuries, oseteo-logy and joint of the upper limb, the vascular anastomosis and lymphatic drainage of the breast and upper limb would be studied.

ANT211: Gross Anatomy of THORAX(2 Credits)

Description of the thorax: The sternum and ribs, thoracic vertebrae, Heart and great vessels, thoracic duct, dissection of the entire thoracic region, Azygos system of vein, intercostal spaces, Mediastinum, lungs bronchiopulmonary tree and segments, thoracic diaphragm, Aorta and respiratory movement.

ANT212: BASIC histology and cytology (2 Credits)

Description: Structure and the function of the cell, general histology basic tissues of the body. Preparation of tissues for microscopy is a practical oriented course that is studied along side with the theoretically based lecture.

ANT213: GENERAL EMBRYOLOGY (2 Credits)

Gametogenesis, fertilization, implantation, cleavage, the morula, the blastocyst formation of the primitive streak, the Bilaminar and trilaminar germ disc. Development of tissues and organ systems of the embryo, the chorionic and amniotic cavities, foetal membranes, placental formation and functions. Birth defects, chromosomal and factors. Twins and twin defects, general characteristics of the embryonic environment and foetal periods.

MBC210: INTRODUCTORY BIOCHEMISTRY (2 Credits)

Short history and Definition of Biochemistry. Importance of Biochemistry to medicine and other scientific disciplines. The living cell. Organization and Molecular architecture. Types of cells and their characteristics. Structure and organization of Biological membranes. Biomolecules and the origin of life. Chemistry of Biomolecules. Carbohydrates Classification, structure, distribution and functional role of named examples. Chemical properties and reactions. Essential fatty acids, Eicosanoids, fat-soluble vitamins –Structure and functions. Peptide bonds and hierarchy of protein structure Nucleic acids. RNA and DNA. Structure/function of enzymes. Zymogens. Active site and specificity of enzymes. Inhibition and Activation of enzymes. Factors affecting enzyme catalyses reaction. Allosteric enzymes. Isoenzymes. The Concepts of Avitaminoses, Hypovitaaminoses and Antivitamins. Vitamins and their Co-enzyme function. Biomedical importance of vitamins.

MBC211: INTRODUCTORY ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES (2 Credits)

Measuring techniques in cell fractionation, Chromatography, Spectrophotometry, Electrophoresis and Calorimetry. Methods of studying the cell. Microscopy, histochemistry and cytochemistry. Autoradiography Vs. Scintillation counting. Cell fractionation methods including differential Centrifugation and Gradient centrifugation. Molecular hybridization including Paul Doty experiments. Acids, and bases. Buffers and buffer systems. Henderson Hassel Bach equation. Titration curves of acids and bases. End point indicators, Zwitterions, isoelectric pH and nucleic acid determination.

PHS211: Introductory and General physiology (2 Credits)

Cell physiology, Physiochemical principles, Body fluids and Blood transport: Control systems. Excitable and contractile Cells. Introduction to ANS.

PHS212: Blood and Body fluid PHYSIOLOGY (2 Credits)

Introduction and definition of body fluids and body fluid compartments. Regulation of body fluid volumes. Physiological variation of body fluid volumes. Techniques for quantifying various body fluid volumes.

Blood: Functions of blood and classifications of blood cells. Erythropoiesis. Haematological indices. Haemoglobin genotype and Blood groups. Immunology and cell defence.

PHS213: Cardiovascular System (2 Credits)

Definition and functions of the cardiovascular system, Cardiac muscle, Cardiac myoelectrophysiology, cardiac cycle, Circulation of blood: cardiac output and regulation. Blood pressure. Haemodynamics and microcirculation. Pulmonary, Cerebral, Coronary, Splanchnic and muscle circulation, Shock and cardiovascular changes in exercise.

PHS214: Respiratory System(2 Credits)

Definition and functions of the respiratory system, Physiologic anatomy of the respiratory system. Respiratory dynamics and work. Pulmonary ventilation: Lung volumes and capacities, Spirometry. Mechanism and mechanics of breathing, Lung surfactant, pulmonary circulation. Gas exchange and Gas transport. Oxygen Haemoglobin dissociation curve. Hypoxia and Dyspnoea. Respiratory changes in exercise and barometric changes. Control of breathing.

SECOND SEMESTER

ant220: GROSS ANATOMY OF THE ABDOMEN, PELVIS AND PERINEUM (2 Credits)

Abdomen: subdivision of the abdominal region and their applied anatomy, Anterior Abdominal wall, inguinal region, posterior abdominal wall, stomach, spleen, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, small and large intestine, celiac trunk, biliary apparatus, intra and supra colic compartment and recesses, appendix renal and suprarenal gland, dissection of the entire abdominal region for proper understanding of the entire region.

Pelvis & perineum: pelvic cavity wall and diaphragm. Urinary bladder, uterus, ovary, etc). Perineum, boundaries and subdivisions. Perineal pouches, external and internal genitalia, ischiorectal fossas. General dissection of the pelvis and perineal region.

ANT221: Gross anatomy of The lower limbS (2 Credits)

The lower limb lumbar and lumbosacral plexus, femoral triangle, thigh, gluteal region, leg, foot, nerves injury and their applied anatomy. Popliteal fossa, Ankle joints, Arch of the foot, Osteology and joints of the lower limb. Vascular Anastomosis and lymphatic drainage of the lower limb. The theoretical aspect to go along side with the dissection of these regions in cadaver.

ANT222: SYSTEMIC Histology 1 (3 Credits)

Systemic histology of cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract and musculoskeletal system.

ANT223: SYSTEMIC Embryology 1 (3 Credits)

The diaphragm, the cardiovascular, respiratory and gastro intestines systems. Development of the adrenal gland, the liver, the pancreas and the spleen. The urogenital, musculo-skeletal and integumentary system. The limbs, the molecular regulation and associated developmental anomalies of the systems.

MBC220: CARBOHYDRATE AND LIPID METABOLISM (3 Credits)

Structural inter-relationships of sugars. Stereochemistry of sugars. Hexoses, Pentoses, Disaccharides, Starch, Glycogen, and Polysaccharides. Methods of identifying sugars. Carbohydrate metabolism. Digestion and absorption. Glycolysis and control of Glycolysis. TCA Cycle and Pentose Phosphate pathway. Glyoxylate Pathway. Gluconeogenesis, Glycogenolysis and Glycogenesis. Mitochondrail electron transport chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation. Energy generation and storage in Biological systems.

Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism. The pyruvate and α–Ketoglutarate complexes and their regulation. Metabolism of lipids. Digestion and absorption. Role of Lipoproteins in lipid transport. Metabolism of lipoprotein in health and disease. Triacylglycerol oxidation and oxidation of fatty acids. Storage and mobilization of energy stores in adipocytes. Ketone bodies and Ketosis.

Interrelationship of fatty acid and carbohydrate biosynthesis/oxidation. Biological importance of Eicosanoids. glycolipids and sphingolipids. The Chemistry and metabolism of Steroids and Steroid hormones.

MBC223: AMINO ACID AND PROTEIN METABOLISM (3 Credits)

Structure of amino acids. Peptide bonds. Metabolism and transport of amino acids and proteins. Digestion and absorption. Gammaglutamyl cycle. Detailed treatment of mechanism of deamination, transamination. Glutamate Dehydrogenase, Glutamate and Glutamine synthesis. The biochemical and clinical importance of these enzymes. Fate of Carbon skeleton. Urea cycle. The concepts of nitrogen balance. Nitrogen turnover in cells. Degradation of amino acids. Ketogenic and glucogenic amino acids. Aromatic acid degradation and inborn errors of metabolism, metabolism of uric acid. Integration and Compartmentation in intermediary metabolism. Metabolism of one carbon compounds.

MBC225: PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND ENZYMOLOGY (3 Credits)

A review of the Structural Characteristic of proteins. Determination of N and C terminal amino acid. Amino acid sequence and sulphide bridges. Determination of Protein Structure by X-ray Crystallography. Biological functions of proteins. The oxygen transporting proteins (haemoglobin and myoglobin), connective tissue protein. Collagen and Elastin. Structure/function relationships.

Enzymes. Isolation and Purification from animals, plants and microorganisms. Zymogens and Isoenzymes. Characteristics of enzymes. Kinectics of enzyme catalysed reaction. Allosterism. Importance of enzymology in Medicine. Coenzymes and relationships to vitamins.

PHS221: Renal PHYSIOLOGY (2 Credits)

Definition and functions of the kidney. Physiologic anatomy of the kidney. Glomerular filtration. Tubular functions. Urine formation:- Dilute and concentrated urine. Counter current mechanism, Plasma clearance, renal autoregulation, ECF regulation, Acid-Base balance, Renin-Angiotensin system.

PHS222: Gastrointestinal PHYSIOLOGY (2 Credits)

Definition and functions, Physiologic anatomy and Innervations of the GIT, Mastication, Deglutition, Salivary gland, Digestion and food absorption, Movement and Stomach emptying, Movements of the GIT, Vomiting and defecation, GIT secretions and juices, Liver and General metabolism (BMR).

PHS223: EndocrinOLOGY and Reproduction (3 Credits)

Definition and functions, Definition of Hormones, Methods of Measurement, Types and mechanism of Actions, Regulation, Physiologic anatomy, Hypothalamo-Hypothalamic releasing factors, Hypothalamic Nuclei, Hypothalamo-hypophyseal system, Pituitary gland, Tropic Hormones, GIT and other local hormones.

Structure and functions of male and female reproductive organs, Androgens, Spermatogenesis and fertility. Infertility in male. Monogenesis, Sexual cycle and hormonal regulations. Fertilization, Pregnancy and Parturition, Fertility and infertility in female. Family planning.

PHS224: TEMPERATURE REGULATION (1 Credit)

Body temperature and the environment, Mechanisms of heat Exchange, peripheral thermoreceptors, central thermoreceptors, hyperthermia, and hypothermia, Fever, heat Exhaustion and Heat stroke.

300 LEVEL

FIRST SEMESTER

ANT311: Gross Anatomy of Head and Neck (3 Credits)

Skull, scalp and the face. Side of the Neck cervical fascia, posterior and anterior triangle of the neck, back of the Neck, cranial cavities, temporal and infratemporal regions, parotid region, submandibular region, deep structures of the neck, thyroid and parathyroid glands, oral cavity, pharynx and larynx, nasal cavity, Ear and orbit (eye).

ANT312: systemic Histology ii(3 Credits)

Microscopic anatomy of the brain and spinal cord. Microscopic history of the lungs, trachea, bronchus and alveoli.

ANT313: SYSTEMIC EMBRYOLOGY II (3 Credits)

Embryology of the respiratory system. Development of the face, the palate, the sinuses, the thyroid, pituitary and pineal glands. The teeth, development of the central and peripheral nervous systems.Develpoment of the eye and ear. The molecular regulation and associated developmental anomalies of the organs and systems.

ANT314: Neuroanatomy I (2 Credits)

Coverings of the brain and spinal cord. Forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. Ventricular systems, production and flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), Ascending and descending tracts in the brain and spinal cord, External and internal structures of brain and spinal cord, structures and pathways in the brainstem and spinal cord.

PHS312: Hypothalamo-hypophyseal System Physiology (2 Credits)

Diagrammatic illustration of the relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. Physiologic morphology of the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland (anterior and posterior pituitary). Development (embryology) of the hypothalamo pituitary axis. Histology of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis

Cell types of the anterior pituitary gland – functions, distribution and staining characteristics. Blood supply of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis. Hypothalmo-hypophyseal portal system. Nervous pathways of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis. Hypothalamo-hypophyseal nerve tract. Functions of the hypothalamus. Hypothalamic neurohormones and their functions. Hormones of the Posterior pituitary gland – site and mechanism of synthesis, transport, storage and release. Feedback mechanisms in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system.

PHS313: Autonomic and Neurophysiology (3 Credits)

Physiologic anatomy of the ANS. Functions of the ANS, Difference and Similarities between ANS and somatic nervous system. Divisions of the ANS. Characteristics of the Sympathetic and the Parasympathetic system. Similarities and differences. ANS effects on major organs of the body, Pharmacology of the ANS, ANS reflexes and Control centers.

Classification of Nerves, Sensory organs and receptors, Modalities of sensations. Reflexes:-reflex arc, act and action. Myotatic reflexes, postural reflexes, Mono and polysynaptic reflexes. Organization of the Nervous system, Spinal cord. Brain stem and the Brain and localization of functions, Sensory and Motor Tracts. Pyramidal and Extra Pyramidal Tracts. Basal ganglia, Thalamus and Hypothalamus, Cerebellum, Testicular formation and Limbic system, Alertness, Sleep, Memory and learning.

CED300: INTRODUCTION TO THEORY AND PRACTICE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP (2 credits)

You as an Entrepreneur, Getting started. Selecting the legal forms of business. Discovering Business Opportunities. The legal framework for the Entrepreneur. Government policies and Entrepreneurial activities, Ethical Issues in business, financing a new venture. Sources marketing your product and services Employing people, Establishing and maintaining Accounting Records. Budgeting for Control.

BOT315: BIOSTATISTICS (2 Credits)

Population and samples, Probability distribution, Normal Poison and Binomial distribution, Mean, Standard error, Standard deviation, skewness, Chi-test, Student tests, F-distribution, Regression, Correlation coefficient and Analysis of variance (one way and two ways).

SECOND SEMESTER

ANT320: INSTRUMENTATION (2 credits)

Students are to be taught and shown all equipment used in research and techniques in Anatomy available in the department. These includes microscopes and types, microtome and types, cryostat, tissue processor, scanning/transmission microscopes, etc.

Also, equipment used in applied anatomy research such as x-ray, ultrasonogram and others used in Histopathology and related fields are to be shown to the students with exposure to practical and theoretical baiss of the use and functions of these equipment. It may require field work to expose the students.

ANT321: Functional Anatomy of limbs(2 Credits)

Clinical application of knowledge of gross anatomy of the limbs as studied by dissection of cadaver to clinical medicine. Anatomy of common surgical exposure, outline clinical procedures associated with the limbs.

ANT322: Relevant laboratory techniques (3 Credits)

It comprises of laboratory sections and lecture on histological techniques, fixation and staining techniques, photo microscopy, tissue preparation and embalming techniques.

ANT323: History of Anatomy and Medical Genetics(3 Credits)

Brief and basic history of Anatomy. Men that has contributed to the development of anatomy (herophillus, erasistratus, leanardo Da Vinci, Andrea Vesalius, William Harvey, fabricus, Galen etc) and their contributions. Introduction to medical genetics, Heritable and non-heritable characteristics, Patterns of inheritance. Human Chromosomas, Cytogenetic and karyotyping.

ANT324: Gross anatomy of cranial nerves and autonomic nervous system(2 Credits)

It deals with the proper study of the twelve cranial nerves. Their Nuclei of origin, course, distribution and clinical importance of these cranial nervous. The visceral nervous system will be considered. Detail of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system based on their origin, course, distribution and their anatomical, physiological, and pharmacological differences will also be studied.

ANT325:NEUROANATOMY II (2credits)

A more detailed study of the coverings of the brain and spinal cord. Forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. Ventricular systems, production and flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), Ascending and descending tracts in the brain and spinal cord, External and internal structures of brain and spinal cord, structures and pathways in the brainstem and spinal cord.

PCO320: INTRODUCTORY PHARMACOLOGY (2 Credits)

History of Pharmacology and its development. Introduction to pharmacokinetics; drug absorption and bioavailability. Drug metabolism, pharmacogenetics. Effects of disease on drug kinetics. Drug in pregnancy and the extreme age. Pharmacodynamics; dose-response relationships, LD₅₀ ED₅₀ and TD₅₀. Therapeutic index; introduction of new drugs, clinical trials; adverse drug reactions and adverse reaction surveillance.

MMB321: INTRODUCTORY MICROBIOLOGY (1 Credit)

History, morphology, growth and nutrition. Classification and identification of bacteria. Bacterial genetics, bacteriophages, viruses, infection and resistance to infection. Sterilization and disinfection. Antimicrobial agents. Introduction parasites and fungi.

MBC320: CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY (3 Credits)

Pancreatic function tests – to include secretion and pancreozymin stimulation tests. Glucose tolerance test, insulin sensitivity test, estimation of amylase, Estimation of the activity of trypsin in duodenal contents, gastric function tests to include HCl secretion, histamine and augmented histamine tests. Fractional and tubeless test meals. Instestinal absorption test, Vitamin absorption test, the Congo red test for amyloidosis and faecal fat estimations. Diseases of the muscle. Lipidaemias, hyper and hypolio- proteinemia – definition, causes and investigation.

Physiology of the kidney, renal clearance. Urea clearance, creatinine and inulin clearances. Concentration and dilution tests. lmpairment of renal failures. Azotaemia. Anurial. Sodium loss in renal diseases.liver function tests. Jaundice types and pigment excretion in jaundice; urine and Blood urea ammonia. Urinalysis. parproteinaemia, Bounce Jones proteinuria and its Significance.

400 LEVEL

FIRST SEMESTER

ANT411: Gross Anatomy (Prosection) I (6 Credits)

A general over view of the upper limb, lower: Limb, thorax, abdomen, pelvis and perineal regions in both theoretical and practical demonstration by every student in this level.

ANT412: Cell Biology I (3 Credits)

Practical and theoretical oriented course on the cell, tissue, organ and systemic cell biology will be studied. Mechanism and current evolutional trend comparative anatomy and choice of experimental animal will also be considered.

ANT413: Histochemistry and cytochemistry(3 Credits)

Cytochemical and histochemical background and its importance. Basic equipment and techniques used in carbohydrate, protein & lipids histochemistry, pigments histochemistry, Enzyme histochemistry and procedures employed. Immunohistochemistry.

ANT414: Functional Anatomy of thorax and Abdomen (3 Credits)

Clinical Anatomy of the thoracic and abdominal regions. This include the surface anatomy of all the visceral and their clinical importance to medicine will be studied.

SECOND SEMESTER

ANT421: Gross Anatomy (Prosection) II (4 Credits)

General overview of the thoracic and abdominal regions. This include the surface anatomy of all the visceral, and their clinical importance to medicine will be reviewed.

ANT422: Systemic EmbryologyIII – REVIEW (3 Credits)

The development and associated anomalies with the body system will be reviewed.

ANT423: CELL Biology II (3 Credits)

Histological techniques and relevant of systemic cell biology. Teratology and their applied anatomy to human existence. General cell biology will be reviewed.

ANT424: SYSTEMIC HISTOLOGY III (3 Credits)

Preparation of slides, preservation, and embalmment of dead bodies, photomicrography, prosectomy, etc.

ANT425: Research Project and Viva (6 Credits)

A Simple research project will be carried out by the students in their area of interest under supervision by an Academic staff approved by the Department of Anatomy.

ANT426: Research Seminar and Presentation (2 Credits)

DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

B.Sc. DEGREE PROGRAMME

ACADEMIC STAFF OF THE DEPARTMENT

S/N	NAME	QUALIFICATIONS.	RANK
1	Dr. F. E. Olumese	B.Sc, MB.BS, M.Sc, Ph.D	Associate Professor/Ag. HOD
2.	Dr. (Mrs.) S. O. Olubodun	B.Sc, M.Sc, PGDE, Ph.D	Associate Professor
3.	Prof. (Mrs.) H. A. Oboh	B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D.	Professor
4.	Dr. A. A. Omonkhua	B.Sc, M.Sc, Ph.D	Professor
5.	Dr. J. C. Anionye	B.Sc, MB.BS, M.Sc, M.Phil	Associate Professor
6.	Dr. E. F. Omorowa	B.Sc, MB.BS, M.Sc	Lecturer I
7.	Mr. N. B. Aguebor-Ogie	B.Sc, M.Sc	Senior Lecturer
8.	Dr. E. S. Oghagbon	BMLS, MB.BS, M.Sc	Senior Lecturer
9.	Dr. R. O. Edosa	B.Sc, MB.BS, M.Sc	Senior Lecturer
10.	Dr. K. Oriakhi	B.Sc, M.Sc, Ph.D	Senior Lecturer
12.	Mrs. N. Eluehike	B.Sc, M.Sc	Senior Lecturer
13.	Mrs. O. Ikponmwosa-Eweka	B.Sc, M.Sc	Senior Lecturer
14.	Mr. A. O. Osagie	B.Sc, M.Sc	Senior Lecturer
15.	Miss. O. N. Anoliefo	B.Sc, M.Sc	Assistant Lecturer
16.	Mrs. A. O.Obayiuwana	B.Sc, M.Sc	Assistant Lecturer
17.	Mrs. M. E. Ayevbuomwan	B.Sc, M.Sc	Assistant Lecturer
18.	Mr. A. I. Eromosele	B.Sc, M.Sc	Assistant Lecturer
19.	Miss. A. C. Ukwuonwo	B.Sc, M.Sc	Graduate Assistant
20.	Miss. O. O. Ogedengbe	B.Sc	Graduate Assistant

LABORATORY STAFF

S/N	NAME	QUALIFICATIONS.	RANK
1.	Mr. J. A. A. Omo-Erhabor	BMLS, AMLSCN, PGDE	Med. Laboratory Scientist II
2.	Mr. N. P. Igiebor	B.Sc.	Laboratory Technologist II
3.	Mr.E. A. Eguavoen	B.Sc	Laboratory Technologist II
4.	Mr . I. K. Aibangbee	HND	Laboratory Technologist II
5.	Miss. E. S. Kadiri	B.Sc	Laboratory Technologist II
6.	Mr. O .Osawe	B.Sc	Laboratory Technologist II
7.	Miss. R. I. Osayi-Idada	HND	Laboratory Technologist II
8.	Miss. A.T .Oigbochie	B.Sc	Laboratory Technologist II
9.	Miss O.P. Ogida	B.Sc	Laboratory Technologist II
10.	Miss. O. Okoro-Obaraye	B.Sc.	Laboratory Technologist II
11.	Mrs. F. U. Asemota	B.Sc.	Laboratory Technologist II
12.	Miss. P. Osayande	SSCE	Senior Laboratory Assistant

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF

S/N	NAME	QUALIFICATIONS.	RANK
1	Mrs. E. J.Eguae	HND, PGD	Senior Executive Officer
2	Mrs. A. E. Odiase	HND	Executive Officer [Secretarial]
3	Mrs. E. K. Omoruyi	WAEC, LLM, BL	Higher Executive Officer
4	Mr. E. O. Ubong	WAEC, BA	Higher Executive Officer
5	Mrs. J. Osula	NECO	Office Asst.
6.	Miss. C.C. Meribe	WAEC,Bsc	Clerical Officer

GENERAL INFORMATION

Biochemistry is that biological science that enquires into the chemical constitution of living things and the reaction that takes place in the cell. It deals with the role of chemical processes in the maintenance of the constancy of the whole organism. It furnishes the basic knowledge necessary for work in both molecular and the cellular aspects of modern Biology. Medical Biochemistry therefore tries to understand and solve health problems with the tools of modern Biochemistry.

PHILOSOPHY, OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE

The Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) programme in Medical Biochemistry will aim at producing graduates who are well equipped with knowledge to help him/her tackle health problems of Nigeria and Africa as a whole, through research. Therefore emphasis will be laid on locally important topics so as to advance the well being of people in the West African sub-region. Graduates of the programme will be well equipped with sufficient theoretical and practical knowledge and thus eligible for higher degree studies in any aspect of Medical Biochemistry and its related discipline.

DEGREE PROGRAMME AND REQUIREMENTS

The degree programme will last three years for direct entry students and four years for students admitted through JAMB. To be eligible for admission to a degree of B.Sc. in Medical Biochemistry, a candidate should have:

Satisfied the normal University requirements.
Satisfied the approved School of Basic Medical Sciences requirements in respect of work load, registration for courses and programme duration.
Satisfied the departmental requirements as contained below.

FOUR YEAR B.Sc. DEGREE PROGRAMME – MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

At the 100 level, students take courses in Chemistry, Biology and physics. At the 200 and 300 levels, apart from core course in Medical Biochemistry, students are required to take stipulated courses in Physiology, Anatomy and Medical microbiology. At the 400 level, students take all courses from the department.
Students at the end of the 200 and 300 level programmes get involved in the student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES). The 12 week attachment programme to a hospital/medical laboratory is coordinated by the Department. This is mandatory for all majors. A written report is presented at the end of the programme for evaluation.
In the final year, each student presents a seminar. The presentation is on a selected topic, after comprehensive literature review.
The project is a laboratory/experimental research under supervision by an academic member of staff. A written dissertation is submitted for evaluation; Student requires a minimum of 30 credits and a maximum of 50 credits. Students must accumulate at least 60 percent of the required credits for graduation from biochemistry.

COURSE CODE, COURSE TITLE AND COURSE CREDIT

FIRST YEAR (100L) COURSES

FIRST SEMESTER

COURSE CODE	COURSE TITLE	COURSE CREDIT
AEB111	Introductory Zoology	4
BMS111	Elementary Mathematics	2
CHM111	General Chemistry I	3
CHM113	Organic Chemistry I	3
GST111	Use of English I	2
GST112	Philosophy & Logic	2
PBB111	Introduction to Plant Biology I	3
PHY111	Mechanics, Thermal Physics & Properties of Matter	3
PHY113	Vibrations, Waves & Optics	3
TOTAL:		25

SECOND SEMESTER

COURSE CODE	COURSE TITLE	COURSE CREDIT
AEB122	Functional Zoology	4
CHM122	General Chemistry II	3
CHM124	Organic Chemistry II	3
GST121	Peace Studies and Conflicts Resolution	2
GST122	Nigerian People & Culture	2
GST123	History & Philosophy of Science and Technology	2
PBB122	Introduction to Plant Biology II	3
PHY109	Practical Physics	2
PHY124	Electromagnetism and Modern Physics	4
TOTAL:		25

All Courses Are Core At This Level.

Total course credit for the Session: 50

SECOND YEAR (200L) COURSES

FIRST SEMESTER

COURSE CODE	COURSE TITLE	COURSE CREDIT
MBC210	Introductory Biochemistry	2
MBC211	Introductory Analytical Techniques	2
ANT210	General Anatomy and Gross Anatomy of the Upper Limbs	2
ANT211	Gross Anatomy of Thorax	2
ANT212	Basic Histology & Cytology	2
ANT213	General Embryology	2
PHS211	Introductory and General Physiology	2
PHS212	Blood and Body fluid Physiology	2
PHS213	Cardiovascular System	2
PHS214	Respiratory Physiology	2
TOTAL		20

SECOND SEMESTER

COURSE CODE	COURSE TITLE	COURSE CREDIT
MBC220	Carbohydrate & Lipid Metabolism	3
MBC223	Amino acids & Protein Metabolism	3
MBC225	Protein Chemistry & Enzymology	3
ANT220	Gross Anatomy of the Abdomen, Pelvis and Perineum.	2
ANT221	Gross Anatomy of the Lower Limbs	2
ANT222	Systemic Histology 1	3
ANT223	Systemic Embryology 1	3
PHS221	Renal Physiology	2
PHS222	Gastrointestinal Physiology	2
PHS223	Endocrinology & Reproduction	3
PHS224	Temperature Regulation	1
TOTAL		27

TOTAL CREDIT FOR THE YEAR………………………47

Notes:

The Gross Anatomy lectures are associated with the dissection of the relevant regions.
ALL COURSES ARE CORE

THIRD YEAR (300L) COURSES

FIRST SEMESTER

COURSE CODE	COURSE TITLE	COURSE CREDIT
*MBC301	Nutrition & Dietetics	2
*MBC311	Immunology & Immunochemistry	3
*MBC312	Intermediary Metabolism	2
*MBC313	Bioenergetics	2
*CED300	Introduction to Theory and Practice of Entrepreneurship	2
TOTAL		11

SECOND SEMESTER

COURSE CODE	COURSE TITLE	COURSE CREDIT
*MBC320	Clinical Biochemistry	3
*MBC321	Microbial Physiology & Biochemistry	3
*MBC322	Introductory Molecular Biology	3
*MBC325	Techniques in Biochemical Research	2
*MBC327	Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES)	2
*MBC329	Introduction to Biochemical Literature	2
+PHS321	Animal Experimentation & Design of Experiment	3
+BOT315	Biostatistics	2
+MMB321	Introductory Microbiology	1
+PCO320	Introductory Pharmacology	2
TOTAL		23

TOTAL CREDIT FOR THE YEAR………………………34

* = Core Course + = Mandatory e = Elective

FOURTH YEAR (400L) COURSES

FIRST SEMESTER

COURSE CODE	COURSE TITLE	COURSE CREDIT
*MBC410	Regulatory Mechanisms	2
*MBC411	Advanced Enzymology	3
*MBC412	Tissue Biochemistry	3
eMBC413	Biochemistry of Medicinal Plants	2
eMBC414	Nutrition & food Science	3
+MBC415	Biochemistry of Hormones	2
+MBC417	Biomembranes	2
+MBC418	Seminar	2
TOTAL		19

SECOND SEMESTER

COURSE CODE	COURSE TITLE	COURSE CREDIT
*MBC420	Clinical & forensic Biochemistry	3
*MBC421	Biochemical Pharmacology	2
*MBC422	Advanced Molecular Biochemistry	3
eMBC423	Inorganic Biochemistry	2
+MBC425	Introduction to Biotechnology	2
eMBC426	Biochemistry of Parasites & Viruses	3
*MBC499	Project	6
TOTAL		21

TOTAL CREDIT FOR THE YEAR…………………………40

* = Core Course + = Mandatory e = Elective

A SUMMARY OF THE CREDIT LOAD FOR THE PROGRAMME

LEVEL	100	200	300	400	TOTAL
CREDITS	50	47	34	40	171

DESCRIPTION OF COURSES

FIRST YEAR COURSES (Pages 26- 30)

SECOND YEAR COURSES

MBC210: INTRODUCTORY BIOCHEMISTRY (2 Credits)

MBC211: INTRODUCTORY ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES (2 Credits)

ANT210: GENERAL ANATOMY AND GROSS ANATOMY OF THE UPPER LIMBS (2 Credits)

ANT211: Gross Anatomy of THORAX(2 Credits)

ANT212: BASIC histology and cytology (2 Credits)

ANT213: GENERAL EMBRYOLOGY (2 Credits)

PHS211: Introductory and General physiology (2 Credits)

Cell physiology, Physiochemical principles, Body fluids and Blood transport: Control systems. Excitable and contractile Cells. Introduction to ANS.

PHS212: Blood and Body fluid PHYSIOLOGY (2 Credits)

Blood: Functions of blood and classifications of blood cells. Erythropoiesis. Haematological indices. Haemoglobin genotype and Blood groups. Immunology and cell defence.

PHS213: Cardiovascular System (2 Credits)

PHS214: Respiratory System(2 Credits)

SECOND SEMESTER

MBC220: CARBOHYDRATE AND LIPID METABOLISM (3 Credits)

MBC223: AMINO ACID AND PROTEIN METABOLISM (3 Credits)

MBC225: PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND ENZYMOLOGY (3 Credits)

ant220: GROSS ANATOMY OF THE ABDOMEN, PELVIS AND PERINEUM (2 Credits)

ANT221: Gross anatomy of The lower limbS (2 Credits)

ANT222: SYSTEMIC Histology 1 (3 Credits)

Systemic histology of cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract and musculoskeletal system.

ANT223: SYSTEMIC Embryology 1 (3 Credits)

PHS221: Renal PHYSIOLOGY (2 Credits)

PHS222: Gastrointestinal PHYSIOLOGY (2 Credits)

PHS223: EndocrinOLOGY and Reproduction (3 Credits)

PHS224: TEMPERATURE REGULATION (1 Credit)

Body temperature and the environment, Mechanisms of heat Exchange, peripheral thermoreceptors, central thermoreceptors, hyperthermia, and hypothermia, Fever, heat Exhaustion and Heat stroke.

300 LEVEL

FIRST SEMESTER

MBC301: NUTRITION AND DIETETICS (2 Credits)

Nutritional Biochemistry, Principles of nutrition. Food pyramid. Nutritional requirements in a varied populace. Biochemistry of Vitamins and Minerals. Vitamins and minerals in clinical practice. Nutritional disorders and assessments. Nutritional constituents of local foodstuff. The use of local foodstuffs in the management of diseases.

MBC311: IMMUNOLOGY & IMMUNOCHEMISTRY (3 Credits)

Concepts and types of immunity. The immune system. Immune response. Requirements of immuniogenicity.Antibody-Antigen reactions. The role of macrophages and polymorphonulear leucocytes in immune response. Phagocytosis and the immune response.Factos affecting the immune response. Antibody-types, characteristics and structure.J-chain and secretory component. The complement system and its role. Immunological tolerance and autoimmune diseases. Immunological laboratory methods. Hypersnesitivity an allergy. Histocompactibility complex (MHC). Heamaglutination and blood group serology. Monoclonal antibodies. Immunopathology.

MBC312: INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM (2 Credits)

Integration of Metabolism. The provision of metabolic fuels. Metabolic fuels in the fed and starving states. Metabolic interrelationships between adipose tissue, liver, extra hepatic tissues and muscle. The role of hormones in intermediary metabolism. Regulation of metabolism in adipose tissue.

MBC313: BIOENERGETICS (2 Credits)

Acids and bases. Buffer and buffer systems. Blood buffers first and second laws of thermodynamics. Chemical thermodynamics. Thermodynamics of the living cell. Gibbs free energy and energy conversions in living organisms. Energy rich compounds. Importance of ATP in energy exchange. Free energy and thermodynamic function. Mechanisms of energy coupling. Oxidation-reduction reaction and standard redox potential. Simple calculations based on these concepts. Oxidative phosphorylation and photosynthetic phosphorylation. Natural and artificial membrane bilayers. Unit membrane hypothesis. Membrane transport Systems. Ionophores.

CED300: INTRODUCTION TO THEORY AND PRACTICE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP (2 credits)

SECOND SEMESTER

MBC320: CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY (3 Credits)

MBC321: MICROBIOBIAL PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY (3 Credits)

Microbial growth changes in cell population and macro molecular composition during the growth process. Growth under nutrient limiting and non limiting conditions. Microbial metabolism carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism. Metabolic enzymes, sources of reducing power. Energy yields Biosynthesis intermediates and products. Structure and functions of cell mechanisms in microbial metabolism.

MBC322: INTRODUCTORY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (3 credits)

Purines, pryrimidines, Nucleic acids. Structure and function of DNA and RNA. Detailed treatment of the Watson-Crick Model of DNA and other forms of DNA. Nucleases. Endo and Exo nucleases. Restriction endonuclase. DNA supercoiling and link number. Topoisomerase. Genome Organistation.

A study of the structure and function of the genetic material in relation to genetic expression and control in prokaryotes at the level of transcription and translation, operons, transmethylation and acetylation including cellular ultrastructure. Chromosone structure and gene expression in eukaryotes. Normal and pathological Ultrastructure of the cell. Organelles of prokaryotes vs eukaryotes. Biosynthesis of proteins. Transcription and transcriptional modification of RNA Translation. Translation in cell free system. Inhibitors of RNA synthesis. Regulation of transcription including operon.

Mutations and Mutagens. DNA damage and repair. Carcinogenesis; basic aspects relating to mechanisms of neoplastic transformation and application of molecular Biology. Inhibiting of DNA repair. Pathological manifestations of defective DNA repair including Zeroderma pigmentosun, Atax. Abnormalities in nucleic acid metabolism. Biochemistry of hereditary dominant and receive traits. Genetic diseases. Biochemical basis of Gentically inherited diseases. Phenylketonuria, albinism, galactosemia, sickle cell anaemia and thalassemia.

Mitotic and Meiotic Chromosomes: (including spermatogenesis, protamines, lamphrus Chromosomes). Pathology of meiosis and Mitosis, Bloom syndrome. Endomitosis, Deletion, Duplications, translocations and inversions.

MBC325: TECHNIQUES IN BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH (2 Credits)

Principle of Analytical Biochemistry. Cell fractionation, extraction and analysis. Basic Chromatography techniques (Paper, thin layer and gel). Electrophoresis (Paper, gel, Isoelectric focusing) etc. spectrophotometry. PH measurements. Manomeric procedures of oxygen electrode and calorimaetry. Isotopes in Biochemistry. Quantitative problems based on the foregoing techniques and interpretation of data. Autoradiography and techniques of radiolabelling.

MBC327: STUDENTS INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (2 Credits)

Students will be attached to a hospital/medical laboratory for a period of 12weeks during the long vacation. The programme is coordinated by the Department at the completion of the 300 level. A written report is presented at the end of the programme by each participant. The report includes the 200 and/or 300 level IT experience with relevant log books. The SIWES Coordinator (a member of Staff in the Department) visits the students during the period to assess the organization, work ethics and involvement of the students.

MBC329: INTRODUCTION TO BIOCHEMICAL LITERATURE (2 Credits)

History and philosophy of science. Growth and development of Biochemistry over the years emphasizing major breakthrough in Biochemical research. Introduction to Biochemical literature. Effective use of library for literature search. Preparation of dissertations and written discussions are presented in class.

PHS321: Animal Experimentation & Design of Experiment (3 Credits)

Laboratory animal experimental techniques in physiology – Past and present.

Basic instrumentation, Tissue preparations. Investigation techniques and Design of Experiment. Basic skills of Proposal writing. Data management.

BOT315: BIOSTATISTICS (2 Credits)

MMB321: INTRODUCTORY MICROBIOLOGY (1 Credits)

PCO320: INTRODUCTORY PHARMACOLOGY (2 Credits)

400 LEVEL

FIRST SEMESTER

MBC410: REGULATORY MECHANISMS (2 Credits)

Regulatory mechanisms. Principles and features integration of metabolic pathways. Relationship of Kreb’s cycle to protein, Carbohydrate, Lipid and nucleic acid metabolic pathways – glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, TCA Cycle. Turnover rates and metabolic pools. Feedback inhibition. Regulation and control to aliphatic and aromatic amino acid in the biosynthesis of amino acids in Micro-organism. Endocrine system and mechanism of hormone control of metabolism.

MBC411: ADVANCED ENZYMOLOGY (3 Credits)

Enzyme active site Explanation of the high efficiency of enzymes as catalyst. Theories of the nature of active site Active site directed reagents. Regulatory site. Methods of investigation of the nature of the enzyme active site, Enzyme assays. Criteria for determining purity of enzyme. X-rays-techniques in the study of enzymes. Chemical modification of enzyme activity. Enzyme reaction mechanism. Hill plot Adair Monod Wynan and Changeux models konshland – newmethy filmer model.

Regulatory enzymes. Molecular model for allesterism/Examples of allesteric enzymes (ATPase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase). Explanation of positive and negative cooperativity of these model. Distinction of the various models. Chemistry of enzyme catalysis. Energy of Activation and Arrhenius plots. Transient Kinetics and steady state kinetics pH, Temperature and enzyme action. Multiple enzyme complexes Mechanism of action of well known enzymes eg. Ribonuclease, Chymotrypsin, Iysozyme, alcohol dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase. Detailed study of the enzymes of the repiratory chain.

MBC412: TISSUE BIOCHEMISTRY (3 Credits)

The liver structure function glucostatic function and nitrogen metabolism of the liver. The kidney-structure and function. Urine formation and osmoregulation. Tubular transport mechanism. Excretory and detoxification function Acid-base regulation. Lymphatics and other fluids muscle structure and compositon mechanism of contraction. Neurochemistry – nerves, synapses membrane poteintial. Depolarization. Biochemical aspects of brain techniques of fractionation. Neurotransmitters. Biochemistry of vision and cardiac tissue. Adipose tissues and their metabolism. Structural tissues: elastin and collagen.

MBC413: BIOCHEMISTRY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS (2 Credits)

Organization of plants cells and plant cell wall. Alkaloids flavonoids, lignin and plant homones. Biosynthesis of alkaloids and Carotenoids Opium and Cocaine, Saponins, Caffeine in Plants. Unusual amino acids in plants. Pyrimidine and purine nucleosides. Metabolism of auxins, giberrelins and cytokinnins. Current development in the biochemistry of medicinal plants. Plant homones. Mineral metabolism. Aspects of Nitrogen metabolism in plant.

MBC414: NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE (3 Credits)

Principles of Nutrition. Review of various food items and their roles in nutrition. Meat, fish, fruits, vegetable oils, milk and milk products. Nutritional requirements of a varied population in a community, the role of local foodstuff in the management of diseases e.g. Kwashiorkor and marasmus, Obesity, Diabetics, Coronary heart disease, hypertension, constipation and Piles, renal disease, hepatitis and jaundice, Anaemia, Cholera, diarrhoea and underweight. The nutritive value of food with emphasis on local foodstuff. Metabolic disturbance related to dietary deficiencies and excess. Etiology and biochemical basis of malnutrition kwashiorkor and marasmus. Nutritional Disorders. Assessment of nutritional status Environmental and social features related to malnutrition. Toxic substances in foods especially local food. Food stage (chemistry and microbial) Browning reactions. Quality Control and biodeterioration of food products, food toxicants and detoxification mechanisms. Food additives and preservatives. Feed formulation, cereal formulas.

MBC415: BIOCHEMISTRY OF HORMONES (2 Credits)

Evolution of hormones. Action and classes of hormones. Intracellular mediators of hormones. Hormone receptors .binding activity and response Genetics of binding. Mode of hormones. cAMP as second messenger, role of calcium and other ions. Amino acid derived hormones, steroid hormones and polypeptide hormones. Hormones agonist antagonist and partial agonists. Biosynthesis of hormones.

MBC417: BIOMEMBRANES (2 credits)

Definition, Type and functions of membrane. Membrane Composition. Membrane asymmetry and movement: Diffusion, rotation and Fluidity. Isolation and identification. Electron microscopy and maker enzyme assays. Introduction to receptor function. Antigenicity of membrane components Cell membrane and toxins. Transport process and mode of action of polymyxin and ionospheres antibiotics. Introduction to neurotransmission.

MBC418: SEMINAR (2 Credits)

Students carry out intensive literature search and present seminars on selected topics.

SECOND SEMESTER

MBC420: CLINICAL AND FORENSIC BIOCHEMISTRY (3 credits)

The medical biochemist in health care delivery and Forensic medical collection and preservation of sample. Test of general well being to include urine, blood, renal and liver function test. Electrolyte balance and endocrine function. Thyroid function test. Infertility investigations. Haemoglobinopathes, sickle cell disease Trace element in nutrition. Enzymes in diagnosis. Pathological samples. Cancer and chemotherapy. Biochemical basis of inherited disease. Forensic science and sampling DNA fingerprinting and PCR in forensic biochemistry: parental suits. Blotting and hybridation techniques. The course covers the theoretical, biochemical basis of laboratory tests and clinical significance in diagnosis and management of diseases.

MBC421: BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY (2 Credits)

Meaning and importance of chemotherapy. Structure/function relationship of drugs. Designing of new drugs. Transport and tissue distribution of drugs-Blood, membranes, CNS, foetus placental. Biochemical factors that influence drug action. Drug receptor (proteins, nucleic acids, liquids etc) Mode of action of drugs selective toxicity and drug action.

Drugs affecting the CNS. Opium and the addictive drugs Anti malaria Drugs. Trypanosomes and its economic importance. Metabolic effect of antibiotics and other drugs. DNA antimetabolites, RNA antimetabolies antimetabolites from plant phytoeamagglutinins, goitrogen, cyanogens, lathyrogen, protease inhibitors and favism.

MBC422: ADVANCED MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (3 Credits)

Techniques in nucleic chemistry (Isolation, purification and characterization, including sequencing of RNA and DNA). The role of restriction endonucleases and its application, and molecular explanation of some diseases e.g. Haemoglobinopathes. DNA replication and pathology of defective DNA synthesis. Polymerase chain reactions. Cloning and Recombinant DNA technology. Extra chromosomal factors, plasmids, episomes.

Recombinant mechanisms and transfer of genetic information in bacteria (transformation, conjugation including plasmids f, 12 and col). Mechanism of drugs resistance, high frequency of recombination “H fr” donor states, transfer of chromosomal genes interrupted mating experiments and genetic mapping. Sex duction, transduction including phage-bacterium interactions, Virulent Vs temperate phage, Iysogenic response, genetic control Iysogeny, immunity in a Lysogenic state, generalized vs restructed transduction.

Animal’s viruses: (classification, virus-host cell interaction, viral replication including specific examples of viral disease. Mechanism of infection by virus. Hybridization techniques; DNA denaturation and renaturation, southern blotting mechanism, application to perinatal diagnosis, e.g. in hemoglobinopathies. Cloning techniques. Cellular. Reaction to injury.

MBC423: INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY (2 Credits)

Trace elements of biological systems. Incorporation of nitrogen and sulphur, minerals in biological process. Na, K, Ca, (ionic gradients, mineralization, blood clotting) Metalloproteins containing Zn, Fe, Co, Cu, and Mo.

MBC425: INTRODUCTION TO BIOTECHNOLOGY (2 credits)

Introduction – definitions, (Dimensions and units). Scope of bioengineering. Microbial growth-Requirements of growth. Types of media, the batch culture (Parameters of growth, mathematical model of simple batch culture, diaxic growth, Limitation) Factors affecting growth and product formation (energy and Carbohydrates, Hydrocarbons, oxygen temperature, pH). Biochemistry of microbial growth, energetics and kinectics of microbial growth. Downstrean processing in Biotechnology and general instrumentation. Fementation of good related products. Microbial gums and other polymers. Enzyme production. Immobilised enzymes and applications. Pollution control, genetic engineering. Application in Biotechnolgy.

MBC426: BIOCHEMISTRY OF PARASITES & VIRUSES (3 Credits)

Metabolism of biomolecules in parasites contrasted with that of the host, Host-parasite interactive parasite nutrient needs. Defense mechanism in parasitism. Biomembranes of parasites. Biochemical drug action against parasitism. Summary of structural properties of different classes of viruses. Viral multiplication mechanisms. Control of viral replication. Interference.

MBC 499: PROJECT (6 Credits)

Independent research in selected areas of topic under the supervision by an academic member of Staff that has interest in that area. Students will be required to carry out literature survey on topics, perform experiment and produce four bound copies of report.

DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE

BACHELOR OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE(BMLS) PROGRAMME

ACADEMIC STAFF OF THE DEPARTMENT

S/N	NAMES	QUALIFICATION	POSITION
1	Dr. B.I.G. Adejumo	Ph.D., MMLS, FIMLT AIBMS	Associate Professor/Ag. HOD
2.	Dr. F.O. Akinbo	B.Sc., AIMLS, M.Sc., Ph.D.	Associate Professor
3	Prof. I. N. Ibeh	Ph.D, AIMLS, M.Sc., MNAAS, FIIAS	Professor
4	Prof. H. B. Osadolor	Ph.D, M.Sc, FMLSN, FASCP	Professor
5	Dr. M.A. Emokpae	Ph.D., M.Sc., FMLSCN, MIBMS	Associate Professor
6	Dr. (Mrs) E.O. Osime	AIMLSC, FIMLSC, M.Sc., Ph.D.	Associate Professor
7	Dr. (Mrs) H.O. Ogefere	B.Sc. , AIMLS, M.Sc. , FMLSCN , Ph.D.	Associate Professor
8	Dr. M.A. Okungbowa	Ph.D, MSc, FMLSCN, AIMLT, MIBMS	Associate Professor
9	Mr. O.F. Amegor	M.Sc., PGD, AIMLS	Lecturer I
10	Dr. G.O. Igharo	B.MLS, (Clinical Chemistry) PGD (Edu), M. Tech., AMLSCN, Cert. Forensic Toxicology.	Lecturer I
11	Dr. B.E. Odigie	B.MLS, M.Sc. Medical Laboratory Science (Histopathology) UNN, AMLSCN, ACSMLS	Lecturer I
12	Dr. (Mrs.) Z Omoruyi	B.Sc., AIMLS, M.Sc., Ph.D.	Lecturer I
13	Mr. A.I. Aruomaren	B.MLS, M.Sc. Biomedical Science (Haematology) Bristol, AMLSCN	Lecturer I
14	Mrs. I.M. Moses-Otutu	B.MLS, M.Sc. Microbiology (Virology), AMLSCN	Lecturer II
15	Mrs. P. A. Obazelu	B.MLS, M.Sc.,AMLSCN	Lecturer II
16	Mrs. J. O. Osunbor	B.MLS, MHPM, PGD(Edu.),M.Sc.	Lecturer II

LABORATORY SCIENTIST/TECHNOLOGIST STAFF

S/N	NAMES	QUALIFICATION	POSITION
1.	Mrs. L.A. Emokpae	A.I.M.L.S, M.Sc	Chief Med.Lab. Scientist (Medical Microbiology)
2.	Mr.O.Williams	A.I.M.L.S	Principal Med.Lab. Scientist (Medical Microbiology)
3.	Mrs. A. N. Olise	AIMLS/M.Sc. MLS	Principal Med.Lab. Scientist (Medical Microbiology)
4.	Mr. F. U. Uzamere	AIMLS M.Sc.,	Principal Med.Lab. Scientist (Haematology/ Transfusion Science
5.	Mrs. E. Otamere	AIMLS M.Sc.,	Principal Med.Lab. Scientist (clinical chemistry)
6.	Mrs. B. Onuyoh	B.MLS M.Sc.,	Senior Med. Lab. Scientist (Haematology/ Transfusion Science
7.	Mrs. I. Omusi	B.MLS, M.Sc.	Senior Med. Lab. Scientist Medical Microbiology
8.	Mrs. F. Newton-Esebelahie	B.MLS	Senior Med. Lab. Scientist (Medical Microbiology)
9.	Mrs. S. Oronsaye	B.MLS	Senior Med. Lab. Scientist (Medical Microbiology)
10.	Mrs. H. Efeziri	B.MLS	Senior Med. Lab. Scientist (Medical Microbiology)
11.	Mr. N. Dimowo	B.MLS	Senior Med. Lab. Scientist (Haematology/ Transfusion Science
12.	Mrs. I. Omusi	B.MLS M.Sc.,	Senior Med. Lab. Scientist (Medical Microbiology)
13.	Mr. M. I. Elaiho	B.MLS, M.Sc	Med. Lab. Scientist (Haematology/ Transfusion Science
14.	Mr. F. O. Osula	B.MLS	Med. Lab. Scientist (Histopathology)
15.	Mr. B. E. Odozi	B.MLS	Med. Lab. Scientist (Haematology/ Transfusion Science
16.	Miss E. O. Ehigiator	B.MLS	Med. Lab. Scientist (Medical Microbiology
17.	Mr. O.A. Igiebor	B.MLS	Med. Lab. Scientist (Clinical chemistry)
18.	Miss E.J. Onaghinor	B.MLS	Med. Lab. Scientist (Haematology/ Transfusion science
19.	Mrs. I. Erhabor	B.MLS	Med. Lab. Scientist (Medical Microbiology)
20.	Mr. S. Ogieriakhi	C.MLS	Senior Med. Lab. Assistant

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF

S/N	NAMES	QUALIFICATION	POSITION
1.	Mrs. I. Ugiagbe	B.Sc., M.Sc.	Administrative Officer
2	Mrs. I.O. Sotubo	B.Sc.	Administrative Assistant
3	Mrs. E. A. Isaiah	Diploma in Public Administration, B.Sc.	Principal Executive Officer II (SEC)
4	Mrs. E. Evbuomwan	NECO 50 W.P.M	Typist I
5	Mrs. G. Ijekhuemen	S.S.C.E	Assist. Chief Clerical Officer
6	Mrs. M. Ikekele	WAEC, NTI	Clerical Officer

INTRODUCTION

In line with the mission of the University which is to develop the human mind to be creative, innovative, research oriented, competent in areas of specialization, knowledgeable in entrepreneurship and dedicated to service, the Medical Laboratory Science Department offers courses leading to the award of Bachelor of Medical Laboratory Science (BMLS) Honours degree.

Medical Laboratory Science is a promising dynamic profession that is designed to provide a broad basis of fundamental scientific knowledge and its application such that the graduands are well prepared to meet with changing needs of modern scientific knowledge considering their pivotal role in Health care delivery system. The training exposes students to application of medical laboratory science in key areas such as clinical diagnostic services, food and beverages, pharmaceutical industries, Breweries, utility departments e.g. Water Corporation, academic and research institutions.

The training exposes students to basic services, basic medical sciences and to core areas like Clinical Chemistry, Haematology/Blood Transfusion Science, Medical Microbiology/Parasitology, Histopathology, Immunology/Immunochemistry as well as instrumentation and laboratory management.

Mode of admission is by UTME (5–year programme) and by Direct Entry (4-year programme). Students accepted for the BMLS programme are expected to register with the Medical Laboratory Science Council of Nigeria (MLSCN) and be indexed as student members soon after admission into the programme. On successful completion of the BMLS programme, induction into the profession and mandatory one year internship preceding participation in the NYSC programme, graduates are registered as Associate members (AMLSCN) with the professional body, Medical Laboratory Science Council of Nigeria, subject to meeting its other requirements.

PHILOSOPHY

The Bachelor of Medical laboratory Science degree is designed to:

Highlight the central role of the laboratory investigation of components of biological fluids, blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, secretions, excretions, tissues or organs, play in the diagnosis, management and prognosis of disease state.
Have sufficient management ability to play a leadership role in training and the practice of Medical Laboratory Science.
Enable students acquire the expertise to produce biological and diagnostic reagents as well as fabricate new equipment or repair or even modify existing ones and refine old techniques or introduce new diagnostic procedures.

AIMS/OBJECTIVES

To organize and offer courses and such related studies to undergraduate students as may be prescribed by the Senate of the University and Medical Laboratory Science Council of Nigeria leading to the award of the degree of Bachelor of Medical Laboratory Science (BMLS).
To train and develop undergraduate students to fill the manpower needs of the country in Medical Laboratory Science.
To produce Medical Laboratory Scientists who satisfy International standards and who can undertake further training towards specialization.
To train up research scientists who are able to carry out researche in the various disciplines of Medical Laboratory Science.

ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS

Admission through UTME:
Candidates must satisfy the minimum University requirements for admission and are therefore to obtain credits in five subjects of English Language, Mathematics, Biology, Physics and Chemistry in SSCE or its equivalent in not more than two sittings.
In addition to the above, the candidate must have an acceptable score in the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) conducted by JAMB.
Admission by Direct Entry:
Candidates holding three GCE A/L in Biology, Chemistry and Physics plus O/L Credits in five subjects of English Language, Mathematics, Biology, Physics and Chemistry.
Candidate who transfers from other faculties of the University with relevant prerequisites.
B.Sc. degree in relevant science disciplines like Zoology, Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry, etc; as approved by the senate.
HND in relevant fields as approved by the senate.
No transfer is allowed. Please see MLSCN Accreditation Report.

COURSE DURATION

The Bachelor of Medical Laboratory Science degree programme shall run for five (5) years for UTME candidates and four (4) years for direct entry candidates.

REGISTRATION OF COURSES

At the beginning of the session, the students must register for all the courses specified for the respective session.

NOTE:

The 100 level students will spend their first year in the Faculties of Life and Physical Sciences. The students will subsequently move along until 300 level when they will be given special attention in the department.

EVALUATION OF STUDENTS

Each MLS Course taught in the BMLS Programme at the University may be evaluated for grading with the use of one or several of the following criteria:

Written examinations which include problem solving:-

a. Essay: Six (6) questions to attempt four (4).

b. Multiple choice question (MCQ) 40 questions (5 parts) to attempt all.

Laboratory presentations or demonstrations to the class of exercises/techniques.
Laboratory Reports.
Case studies/Laboratory logbook.
Continuous assessment tests.

No students shall be allowed into the examination venue if he/she has not fulfilled the mandatory posting.

CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT

Continuous Assessment (CA) during the Semester shall form part of the end of course grade. Its overall contribution shall be 30% of each course examination.

END OF THE YEAR OVERALL ASSESSMENT

The pass mark for 100, 200 and 300 level students in the department shall be 45% while 400 and 500 level students pass mark shall be 50%.

A student shall be deemed to have passed his/her examinations if he/she passes in all the compulsory and required courses he/she registered for during the academic year. Any 500 level student who at the end of final year examinations accumulate less than the prescribed total minimum credits or does not pass in all the required courses but who has accumulated the required minimum credits to remain in the department will be required to register or take the course(s) in the following session and to sit for the appropriate examinations.

ATTENDANCE POLICIES

Attendance is compulsory and absences from class and/or laboratories will affect student’s final grade. Missed laboratory work and/or examinations must be completed.
Since sample procurement is difficult, laboratory absences are particularly difficult to make up 75% attendance is a prerequisite to sit exams. Absence from laboratory postings is tantamount to carry over of posting. Students are therefore advised not to miss any laboratory session.
Protracted illness (three consecutive days or more) should be reported to the head of Department promptly.
Students shall continue their laboratory posting during holidays and this shall serve as their industrial attachment.
Final year students are to take compulsory call-duty in their respective Discipline. They are to be attached to Medical Laboratory Scientist on- call-duty. This shall be graded part of the 75% attendance laboratory posting.

GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS

Deferred entry requirement: e.g. credit pass in English at SSCE or GCE O/L.

THERE ARE NO DEFERRED ENTRY REQUIREMENTS

Minimum number of credit hours: 222
Minimum number of years of the Course: 5 years (UTME) and 4 years (DE)
Minimum CGPA 1.50 – 2.39

CLASSIFICATION OF DEGREE:

A Grade Point Average (GPA) shall be calculated for each level of course. The students’ final grade form the sum of the weighted Grade Point Average for each level of the courses is as follows:

5 year Degree Programme 4 year Degree Programme

100 level 10% 200 level 10%

200 level 15% 300 level 20%

300 level 20% 400 level 30%

400 level 25% 500 level 40%

500 level 30%

COMPUTATION OF GRADE POINT AVERAGE (GPA)

To compute a grade point average (GPA) for a candidate, his total aggregate point for the session will be divided by the total credit load for the session.

N.B.

Core courses are courses, which all students must take and pass before they can graduate.
Mandatory courses are courses, which students must take but do not have to pass before they can graduate.

The class of degree is determined by the final Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) as follows:

Class of Degree CGPA

First Class Honours 4.50 – 5.00

Second Class Honours (Upper Division) 3.50 – 4.49

Second Class Honours (Lower Division) 2.40 – 3.49

Third Class Honours 1.50 – 2.39

PERFORMANCE GRADE IN EACH COURSE

PERCENTAGE SCORES	LETTER GRADE	GRADE POINT
70 – 100	A	5
60 – 69	B	4
50 – 59	C	3
45 – 49	D	2
0 – 44	E	0

PROFESSIONAL EXAMINATION

Students are required to satisfy examiners in professional examinations to be moderated by external examiners in the various Medical Laboratory Science disciplines which will be observed by a representative of Medical Laboratory Science Council of Nigeria. The examinations shall be in two parts viz:

First Professional Examinations to be held last Semester of the forth year shall consist of two parts;

Papers I and II – consists of practical examination in Medical Microbiology, Parasitology, Haematology, Blood Transfusion Science, histopathology, Chemical Pathology.

Candidate will be required to attempt question in Parasitology, and in any 4 of the other core subjects.

Questions shall include steeple chase spot questions-3 hours.

Viva voce (Oral) examination

A pass in this examination is a prerequisite for the 500 level.

Final Professional Examination to be 2nd Semester of final graduating year which shall consist of practical and oral examinations in the specialty discipline of the candidate. There shall be two papers in morning and afternoon sessions.

Pass mark in both examinations is 50% i.e. C grade point

Resit examinations may be conducted not later than 3 months after the main examination.

EXAMINATION MISCONDUCT

The following sanctions shall apply to cases of examination misconduct as stipulated below.

S/N	MISCONDUCT	SANCTION
	Proven cases of fore-knowledge of Examination Questions (Leakage)	Expulsion of all involved.
	Coming into Examination Hall with extraneous materials	Rustication for a minimum period of 4 Semesters or Expulsion if fore-knowledge of Questions is proven.
	Writing on any materials in the Examination Hall, other than the Answer Booklet	Letter of warning
	Non production of Identity card or authorized letter of identification before and during examination.	To leave the Examination Hall immediately
	Any form of unauthorized communication between and among students during examination	To lose 10 minutes of examination time; if it persists, relocate the student; further persistence cancel the paper.
	Impersonation at Examination	Expulsion of all involved.
	Refusal to fill Examination Misconduct Form	Rustication for (2) Semesters plus penalty for the original offence.
	Attempt to destroy or actually destroying materials of proof of cheating	Rustication for (2) Semesters plus penalty for the original offence.
	Refusal to obey invigilator’s instructions such as: Writing after the Examination Has been Stopped.Noncompliance with the invigilator’s sitting arrangement	Letter of Warning To leave the hall and carry-over the course
	Refusal to submit Answer scripts (used and unused) at the close of examination	Rustication for a minimum period of (2) Semesters.
	Smuggling of Question papers and Answer Booklets out of the Hall for help and returning with Answer Scripts	Expulsion
	Failure to write matriculation numbers on Answer Booklet or to sign Attendance Sheet	Letter of Warning
	Writing of candidate’s names on Answer Booklets	Letter of Warning
	Leaving Examination Hall without permission	To carry-over the course and Letter of Warning
	Failure to draw a line through each blank space at the end of each answer	Letter of Warning
	Unruly behavior in the Examination Hall such as smoking, drinking of liquor, noise etc	Verbal warning by Invigilator. If unruly behavior persists, to leave the Hall and carry over the course
	Proven cases of physical assault on Invigilator/Attendant	Expulsion
	Failure to appear before Misconduct Panel	Guilty as charged. Indefinite suspension pending appearance before the Panel.
	Any students with three (3) letters of warnings	Rustication for a minimum period of one (1) Session.
	Any other cases of Examination malpractice not specified	Punishment as appropriate.

WITHDRAWAL FROM DEPARTMENT

Students who accumulate 11-21 credits in the session are either to seek inter faculty/department transfer or remain in the department on probation.
Students who fail to accumulate less than 11 credits at the end of the second semester examination will be asked to withdraw from the department.
Any student who has previously transferred from another faculty/department or gone on probation and still fails to obtain 22 credits after the sessional examination shall withdraw from the department.
The Senate (if satisfactory reasons are given) may grant a student temporary withdrawal from the school. The student could be allowed to register and take the examination in the required courses at the next available opportunity provided, he does not exceed the maximum number of years required for the degree.

COURSE CODE SYSTEM

Course code contains an abbreviated letter code of three (3) letters and three (3) digits.

MLS – is a prefix that indicates the department

The first digit represents the level of study.

The second digit denotes the semester for 100 – 400 Levels while for 500 Level the second digit denotes specialty area.

The third digit denotes the topic/stress area.

DRESS CODE

MALE: A good pair of trousers (not jeans) with neat shirt, a matching tie and a pair of shoes.

FEMALE: Corporate gown with sleeve or skirt (not jeans) below the knee with sleeved shirt/blouse and a pair of shoes.

Student professional Lapel pin should be worn always on their dresses/shirt

Wearing of Laboratory coat is compulsory for all clinical laboratory postings and practical classes.

COURSE CODE, COURSE TITLE AND CREDIT LOAD

FIRST YEAR (100L) COURSES

FIRST SEMESTER

COURSE CODE	COURSE TITLE	CREDIT LOAD	LTP
AEB111	Introductory Zoology	4	303
BMS111	Elementary Mathematics	2	200
CHM111	General Chemistry I	3	203
CHM113	Organic Chemistry I	3	203
GST111	Use of English I	2	200
GST112	Philosophy & Logic	2	200
PBB111	Introduction to Plant Biology I	3	203
PHY111	Mechanics, Thermal Physics & Properties of Matter	3	203
PHY113	Vibrations, Waves & Optics	3	203
TOTAL:		25

SECOND SEMESTER

COURSE CODE	COURSE TITLE	CREDIT LOAD	LTP
AEB122	Functional Zoology	4	303
CHM122	General Chemistry II	3	203
CHM124	Organic Chemistry II	3	203
GST121	Peace Studies and Conflicts Resolution	2	200
GST122	Nigerian People & Culture	2	200
GST123	History & Philosophy of Science and Technology	2	200
PBB122	Introduction to Plant Biology II	3	203
PHY109	Practical Physics	2	222
PHY124	Electromagnetism and Modern Physics	4	303
TOTAL:		25

All Courses are core at this Level.

Total Credit Load for the Session…….50

SECOND YEAR (200L) COURSES

FIRST SEMESTER

COURSE CODE	COURSE TITLE	CREDIT LOAD	LTP
MLS211	Introduction to Medical Laboratory Science I	2	200
ANT210	General Anatomy and Gross Anatomy of the Upper Limbs	2	203
ANT211	Gross Anatomy of Thorax	2	203
ANT212	Basic Histology & Cytology	2	203
ANT213	General Embryology	2	200
MBC210	Introductory Biochemistry	2	200
PHS211	Introductory and General Physiology	2	200
PHS212	Blood and Body fluid Physiology	2	203
PHS213	Cardiovascular System	2	200
PHS214	Respiratory Physiology	2	200
CSC110	Introduction to Computing	3	203
TOTAL:		23

SECOND SEMESTER

COURSE CODE	COURSE TITLE	CREDIT LOAD	LTP
MLS222	Introduction to Medical Laboratory Science II	2	201
ANT220	Gross Anatomy of the Abdomen, Pelvis and Perineum	2	200
ANT222	Systemic Histology 1	3	203
ANT223	Systemic Embryology 1	3	203
MBC220	Carbohydrate & Lipid Metabolism	3	203
MBC223	Amino acid & Protein Metabolism	3	203
MBC225	Protein Chemistry & Enzymology	3	203
PHS221	Renal Physiology	2	200
PHS222	Gastrointestinal Physiology	2	200
PHS223	Endocrinology & Reproduction	3	203
PHS224	Temperature Regulation	1	100
TOTAL:		27

TOTAL CREDIT LOAD FOR THE SESSION………………50

THIRD YEAR (300L) COURSES

FIRST SEMESTER

COURSE CODE	COURSE TITLE	CREDIT LOAD	LTP
MLS310	Laboratory Posting I (SIWES)	3	016
MLS311	Medical Laboratory Science Ethics	2	200
MLS312	Introduction to Medical Laboratory Science III	3	200
MLS313	Medical Physics	3	201
MLS314	Basic Clinical Chemistry	3	203
MLS315	Basic Immunology	2	200
MBC312	Intermediary Metabolism	2	210
CED 300	Introduction to Theory & Practice of Entrepreneurship	2	210
TOTAL		20

SECOND SEMESTER

COURSE CODE	COURSE TITLE	CREDIT LOAD	LTP
MLS320	Laboratory Posting II (SIWES)	3	016
MLS321	Introductory Microbiology	2	203
MLS322	Laboratory Instrumentation & Techniques	3	302
MLS323	Fundamental Blood Transfusion Science	3	203
MLS324	Basic Haematology	3	203
MLS325	General Pathology (Basic Histopathology)	3	203
MLS326	Laboratory Management & Organization	2	200
PCO320	Introductory Pharmacology	2	200
TOTAL		21

TOTAL CREDIT LOAD FOR THE SESSION…………..41

Industrial attachment in accredited hospital or medical/research laboratory for a period of three months. Supervision and training in the hospital laboratory shall be conducted by consulted medical laboratory scientists with current practicing license issued by Medial Laboratory Science Council of Nigeria.

Brief History of Bmed Sci

FIRST YEAR (100L) COURSES FOR THE DEPARTMENTS OF ANATOMY, MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY, MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE, NURSING SCIENCE, PHYSIOLOGY, PHYSIOTHERAPY AND RADIOGRAPHY AND RADIATION SCIENCE IN THE SCHOOL.

SECOND SEMESTER

TOTAL CREDIT FOR THE YEAR………………………47

SECOND SEMESTER

TOTAL CREDIT FOR THE YEAR……………………40

TOTAL CREDIT FOR THE YEAR………………………36

DEGREE PROGRAMME AND REQUIREMENTS

SECOND SEMESTER

TOTAL CREDIT FOR THE YEAR………………………47

SECOND SEMESTER

TOTAL CREDIT FOR THE YEAR………………………34

TOTAL CREDIT FOR THE YEAR…………………………40

DESCRIPTION OF COURSES

INTRODUCTION

PHILOSOPHY

SECOND SEMESTER

TOTAL CREDIT LOAD FOR THE SESSION………………50

TOTAL CREDIT LOAD FOR THE SESSION…………..41

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